A large number of modelling tools and approaches that can be used for supporting waste management decisions at different levels in society have been developed. Examples include Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and different types of Material Flow Analysis (MFA), CostBenefit Analysis (CBA), Life Cycle Costing (LCC), different types of optimizing models, etc. The shear number of different methods that...

Life-cycle assessment (LCA) is currently one of the construction industry's most widely used methods environmental assessment. Because LCA calculations based on life-cycle thinking are lifespan building a sensitive parameter in relation to calculated overall impact building. More accurate assessments lifespans buildings therefore prerequisite for reducing errors and uncertainties Life Cycle Cos...

Building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems can achieve high yields through percentages of building envelope surface coverage associated with material savings by substituting conventional components and avoiding land-use change to install open-land PV installations. This article discusses the life cycle assessment (LCA) costing (LCC) BIPV in timber-hybrid extensions renovation three exempla...

Green Public Procurement (GPP) is an essential strategy for achieving goals related to public environmental policy, including sustainable production and consumption, streamlined use of resources mitigation climate change. The European Union has adopted policies towards “greening” procurement member states in order promote sustainability. Life Cycle Costing (LCC) a method that measures the finan...