The sample dimension, types of variables, format used for measurement, and construction of instruments to collect valid and reliable data must be considered during the research process. In the social and health sciences, and more specifically in nursing, data-collection instruments are usually composed of latent variables or variables that cannot be directly observed. Such facts emphasize the i...

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to investigate the validity and the reliability of Birth Satisfaction Scale (BSS) and to adapt it into the Turkish language. This scale is used for measuring maternal satisfaction with birth in order to evaluate women's birth perceptions. METHODS In this study there were 150 women who attended to inpatient postpartum clinic. The participants filled in ...

We designed a Japanese version of the Smartphone Dependence Scale (J-SDS) for university students, and assessed its validity and reliability. For development of this scale, we initially selected 43 preliminary items based on previous studies of Internet and mobile phone dependence. Each response was scored using a Likert scale (0, 1, 2, 3), with higher scores indicating greater dependence. Afte...

On theoretical grounds, one would expect there to be a positive correlation between reliability and the number of response categories used in a Likert-type scale. Many psychometrists recommend that at least 20 response categories be used. However, when respondents are presented with either too many or too few response categories, it is possible that respondent fatigue might occur with a corresp...

The quality assessment of training courses is utmost importance in the medical education field to improve training. This work proposes a hybrid multicriteria decision-making approach based on two methodologies, Likert scale (LS) and analytic hierarchy process (AHP), for programs. On one hand, qualitative LS method was adopted estimate degree consensus specific topics; other quantitative AHP tec...

Material and methods The BrQ is made of 34 items on Likert Scale, divided in 8 domains. The questionnaire was developed in order that the child could fill in it alone and is adapted for 9 to 18 years old. The lowest scale is 20 and the best 100. The highest scales show a better QoL. The process of cultural adaptation of the questionnaire was in accordance with the International Quality of Life ...

This article compares a variety of imputation strategies for ordinal missing data on Likert scale variables (number of categories = 2, 3, 5, or 7) in recovering reliability coefficients, mean scale scores, and regression coefficients of predicting one scale score from another. The examined strategies include imputing using normal data models with naïve rounding/without rounding, using latent va...