Most amputees experience phantom limb, whereby they feel that the amputated limb is still present. In some cases, these experiences include pain that can be alleviated by "mirror therapy." Mirror therapy consists of superimposing a mirrored image of the moving intact limb onto the phantom limb. This therapy provides a closed loop between the motor command to the amputated limb and its predicted...

To reach for something we see, the brain must integrate the target location with the limb to be used for reaching. Neuronal activity in the parietal reach region (PRR) located in the posterior parietal cortex represents targets for reaching. Does this representation depend on the limb to be used? We found a continuum of limb-dependent and limb-independent responses: some neurons represented tar...

Rupture of the peroneous tertius was diagnosed in a 7-year-old stallion, based on clinical examinations.The stifle joint flexed as the limb was advanced forward without flexing the hock. When the limb was pulledbackward, the hock joint extended but the stifle was in the normal position. The recommended treatmentincluded complete stall rest for 6 weeks followed by limited exercise for 2 months. ...

BACKGROUND Several studies indicate that increasing the alimentary limb length in gastric bypass surgery produces only a minor improvement of excess BMI loss. Few studies have addressed the efficacy of increasing the length of the pancreatico-biliary limb. METHODS Here, we present a prospective randomized study of 187 consecutive laparoscopic Roux-Y gastric bypass operations operated over 2 y...