A formula for evaluation of the distribution of a linear combination of independent inverted gamma random variables by one-dimensional numerical integration is presented. The formula is direct application of the inversion formula given by Gil–Pelaez [4]. This method is applied to computation of the generalized p-values used for exact significance testing and interval estimation of the parameter...

Let the mixed linear regression model when mean value parameters satisfy some linear constraints be under consideration. To detect rough errors or mistakes (outliers) in observations needs a knowledge of a covariance matrix of an observation vector. If unknown variance components occur in it, some problems arise how to recognize, whether estimates or approximations of them can be used instead o...

A common analysis objective is estimation of a realized random effect. The parameter underlying such an effect is usually defined as an average response of a realized unit, such as a cluster mean, domain mean, small area mean, or subject effect. The effects are called random effects since their occurrence is the result of some (actual or assumed) random sampling process. In mixed models, random...

1 In this paper, the necessity for treating intra-household correlation is investigated by analyzing 2 two travel behavior indices, i.e. travel time and travel distance, for three important travel motives 3 (commuting, shopping, and leisure). Data stemming from the 2010 Belgian National Household 4 Travel Survey are used in the analysis. Two model approaches that accommodate for intra5 househol...

The fraction of vegetation cover (FVC) is often estimated by unmixing a linear mixture model (LMM) to assess the horizontal spread of vegetation within a pixel based on a remotely sensed reflectance spectrum. The LMM-based algorithm produces results that can vary to a certain degree, depending on the model assumptions. For example, the robustness of the results depends on the presence of errors...

Stress is one of many ailments associated with urban living, daily travel a potential major source. Active travel, nevertheless, has been lower levels stress compared to other modes. Earlier work relied on self-reported measures stress, and study designs that limit our ability establish causation. To evaluate effects in different modes an objective proxy measure the galvanic skin response (GSR)...

The penalized quasi-likelihood (PQL) approach is the most common estimation procedure for the generalized linear mixed model (GLMM). However, it has been noticed that the PQL tends to underestimate variance components as well as regression coefficients in the previous literature. In this paper, we numerically show that the biases of variance component estimates by PQL are systematically related...

SUMMARY New rank-based methods for analyzing data from multisite clinical trials are presented ·in the context of "mixed" linear models. In contrast to current rank methods, the new procedures test for a drug main effect in the presence of a random drug by site interaction (or drug by investigator interaction when there is only one investigator per site). Analogous procedures are also provided ...

Psycholinguistic data are often analyzed with repeated-measures analyses of variance (ANOVA), but this paper argues that mixed-effects (multilevel) models provide a better alternative method. First, models are discussed in which the two random factors of participants and items are crossed, and not nested. Traditional ANOVAs are compared against these crossed mixed-effects models, for simulated ...