Procedures for the synthesis, separation and determination of structure of the bilirubin-IX isomers are described. 1. The four biliverdin-IX isomers were prepared by oxidative cleavage of haemin and were separated as their dimethyl esters. The individual esters were reduced with NaBH4, and the bilirubin esters obtained were subjected to alkaline hydrolysis yielding the corresponding bilirubin-I...

Modified galactosylceramide with a long-chain cyclic acetal at the sugar moiety, plasmalogalactosylceramide, was isolated from equine brain. To identify the isomeric stereostructure of the natural product, the plasmalo derivative was chemically synthesized from galactosylceramide through acetalization. The presence of cyclic acetal linkage, the linked position and length of the acetal chain of ...

The organogermanium chemistry covers huge fields, as shown by a survey covering the crystallographic and structural data of over four hundred and fifty examples. Over 10 percent of those compounds exist as distortion isomers (around 97 %) and ligand isomers (around 3 %). These are discussed in term of coordination around the Ge(II), Ge(IV) and Ge2 +3 atoms, and correlations are drawn between do...

the domesticated silkworm, bombyx mori, is of high commercial importance as a silk producer and is also widely used for implementation of basic and applied research. it is important to understand its genome organization using molecular markers for genetic studies and for breeding purposes. in this study, a genetic linkage map using 204 amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) markers was d...

Enumeration of chiral isomers of substituted fullerene cages (CZO-C~O) is considered using the generalized character cycle index (GCCI) of the alternating representation of the point group of the parent cage. It is shown that there are no chiral isomers for the monosubstituted CZO, c24, C28, C30, c36, and CW fullerene cages but there are chiral isomers for other monosubstituted cages. All cages...

A combined experimental and Density functional theory (DFT) B3LYP/6-311+G* study on the IR spectra of four stable isomers of 2-N,N-dimethylaminecyclohexyl 1-N’,N’-dimethylcarbamate was performed. Our theoretical calculations reveal that two new isomers of this compound exist and may be more stable than the known isomers. In addition the entropy, heat capacity, and the enthalpy content of the st...

The copper-containing nitrite reductases (CuNIRs) are a class of enzymes that mediate the reduction of nitrite to nitric oxide in biological systems. Metal-ligand complexes that reproduce the salient features of the active site of CuNIRs are therefore of fundamental interest, both for elucidating the possible mode of action of the enzymes and for developing biomimetic catalysts for nitrite redu...

background: the presence of organochlorine pesticides in the environment is a serious threat to human health and requires continuous monitoring. therefore, in the present systematic review, the residual amount of different organochlorine pesticides in human samples has been investigated.   methods: all accessible databases in english and farsi were searched by using organochlorine and related p...

hexachlorocyclohexane, an organochlorine insecticide has been used in agriculture and public health programmes since a very long time. it is very resistant to degradation and thus accumulates in the environment for long time. a microbial consortium was developed in our laboratory which could degrade hexachlorocyclohexane very efficiently in water. a study was carried out to understand the biode...

Polycyclic Hydrocarbons. In their Communication (e202304937), Chunyan Chi et al. report the synthesis and isolation in single-crystal form of two fused indacene dimer isomers. Both isomers display an open-shell singlet ground state.