The advantages of liquid fuel cells (LFCs) over conventional hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells include a higher theoretical energy density and efficiency, a more convenient handling of the streams, and enhanced safety. This review focuses on the use of different types of organic fuels as an anode material for LFCs. An overview of the current state of the art and recent trends in the development of LFC...

Thermochemical water and carbon dioxide splitting with concentrated solar energy is a technology for converting renewable solar energy into liquid hydrocarbon fuels as an alternative to fossil fuels, which are dominating in today's energy mix. For the conversion reaction to be efficient, special redox materials are necessary to perform the necessary chemical reactions in a thermochemical cycle....

A laboratory study of the viability of selected microorganisms in a hydrocarbon fuel medium was carried out on 19 species of microorganisms, representative of the types found as natural contaminants in aircraft fuels. More species remained viable when inoculated in pure cultures than when inoculated in mixed (composite) cultures. Of the 19 species selected, 10 were still viable after 3 months a...

A theoretical method for predicting the smoke point of pure hydrocarbon liquids is presented. The method is based on a structural group contributions approach and does not require any experimental procedures or information of fuel properties, other than the molecular structure of the fuel molecules. The proposed correlation is presented in the form of a multivariable regression. The average dev...

Distributed hydrogen for the hydrogen economy will require new catalysts and processes. Existing large scale hydrocarbon steam reforming plants can not simply be reduced in size to meet the size, economic, safety, and frequent duty cycle requirements for applications for fuel cells, hydrogen fueling stations, and industrial uses such as hydrogenation reactions, gas turbine cooling, metal proces...

Lean fuel/air mixtures with various fuel/fuel ratios between methane and n-butane were supplied to a premixed compression-ignition engine (i.e. homogeneous charge compression ignition engine, HCCI) with or without supplementary gaseous formaldehyde induction as an ignition controlling additive. In the no additive case the methane and butane function as the two fuels in the high/low-octane two-f...

The electrochemical reduction of CO2 is an efficient method to convert waste into hydrocarbon fuels, among which methanol the direct liquid fuel in cells (DMFC). Copper most widely used catalyst for reaction (CO2RR); affected by surface morphology copper. Here, effect and mechanism CO2RR on three typical low-index Cu (100), (110) (111) surfaces are studied. According our results, provides optim...

Direct catalytic conversion of ethanol to hydrocarbon blend-stock can increase biofuels use in current vehicles beyond the ethanol blend-wall of 10-15%. Literature reports describe quantitative conversion of ethanol over zeolite catalysts but high C2 hydrocarbon formation renders this approach unsuitable for commercialization. Furthermore, the prior mechanistic studies suggested that ethanol co...

Soil and surface water contamination by organic compounds is a common occurrence in most developing countries. This caused harmful effects on the environment and human beings. Bioremediation can be an alternative green technology for remediation of such hydrocarbon-contaminated soil. Bioremediation of soil contaminated with 5% and 10% (w/w) diesel fuel amended with 10% soy cake (SC), potato ski...