Sulphur oxidizers are involved in oxidation of elemental sulphur to plant available sulphate. Sulphur is the key element for higher pulse production and plays an important role in the formation of proteins, vitamins and enzymes. Sulphur is a constituent of the essential amino acids cystine, cysteine and methionine. In the recent years the importance of sulphur in pulse nutrition has been well r...

Changes in the fractions of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria in two laboratory-scale reactors were investigated using 16S rRNA probe hybridizations. The reactors were operated in intermittent aeration mode and different aeration cycles to treat anaerobically digested swine wastewater with ammonia concentrations up to 175 mg NH(3)-N/L. High ammonia removals (>98.8%) were...

We examined the effect of a single injection of 3,5-di-iodo-L-thyronine (3,5-T2) (150 microg/100 g body weight) on the rat liver mitochondrial energy-transduction apparatus. We applied 'top-down' elasticity analysis, which allows identification of the site of action of an effector within a metabolic pathway. This kinetic approach considers oxidative phosphorylation as two blocks of reactions: t...

Purpose Ammonia oxidation plays an important role in global nitrogen cycle. However, little information is available on ammonia oxidizers in paddy soils. This study aimed to understand the controlling factors of ammonia oxidizers in the paddy soils. Materials and methods Three types of paddy soils were collected from southwest [Chongqing City (CQ)], central [Honghu City (HH)], and northeast [Pa...

Changes in redox state are involved in several physiological and pathophysiological processes. Previous experiments have demonstrated that nitric oxide can function as a reactive oxygen species, inhibiting neuronal sodium currents by nitrosylation of thiol residues. We hypothesized that nitric oxide and thiol oxidizers similarly modulate voltage-dependent sodium currents. Voltage-dependent sodi...

A nine year study was carried out on the evolution of macroscopic "acid streamer" growths in acidic, metal-rich mine water from the point of construction of a new channel to drain an abandoned underground copper mine. The new channel became rapidly colonized by acidophilic bacteria: two species of autotrophic iron-oxidizers (Acidithiobacillus ferrivorans and "Ferrovum myxofaciens") and a hetero...

Nucleation and subsequent growth of particles was studied in the CLOUD7 chamber experiment at Cern. Experiments were performed in varying concentrations of sulphuric acid, ammonia, dimethylamine and α-pinene, and using both ozone and hydroxyl radicals as oxidizers. Particle growth rates were determined at size ranges <1.5 nm, 1.5–3 nm, and >3nm. Comparison of the growth to the amount oxidized o...

A three-pronged coordinated research effort was undertaken by cooperating utilities at three different experimental scales investigating bioaugmentation, enrichment and performance of anammox organisms in mainstream treatment. Two major technological components were applied: density-based sludge wasting by a selective cyclone to retain anammox granules and intermittent aeration to repress nitri...

There are many potential sources of ignition which can trigger a fire or explosion: electrical sparks, friction, static discharge, hot surfaces, air streams, and direct-fired burners in ovens and thermal oxidizers. Since we can never be guaranteed that an environment will remain completely free of air or of a source of ignition, the most reliable means of preventing fire or explosion is to meas...

We looked at the diversity of [NO(2)](-) oxidizers at field scale by examining isolates at clump scale and in microsamples of soil (diameter, 50 microm). The genetic distances (as determined by amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis performed with Nitrobacter-specific primers) in a small clump of soil were as large as those between reference strains from large geographical areas. Diversit...