OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of the prodrug psychostimulant lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX) and the non-stimulant noradrenergic compound atomoxetine (ATX) in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) who had previously responded inadequately to methylphenidate (MPH). METHODS This 9-week, head-to-head, randomized,...

INTRODUCTION This open-label, randomized, two-period drug interaction study assessed lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX) effects on cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme (CYP1A2, CYP2D6, CYP2C19, and CYP3A) activity. METHODS Thirty healthy volunteers were administered the Cooperstown cocktail (CYP1A2 [caffeine 200 mg], CYP2D6 [dextromethorphan 30 mg], CYP2C19 [omeprazole 40 mg], and CYP3A [midazolam 0.0...

The purpose of this work was to assess the pharmacokinetics and safety of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX) delivered and released regionally in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. In this open-label, randomized, crossover study, oral capsules and InteliSite delivery capsules containing LDX (50 mg) with radioactive marker were delivered to the proximal small bowel (PSB), distal SB (DSB), and ascen...

OBJECTIVES Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX), a long-acting pro-drug psychostimulant, requires conversion to d-amphetamine for therapeutic activity. Conversion of LDX to d-amphetamine occurs primarily in the blood, specifically red blood cells (RBCs). These in vitro studies examine potential conversion in blood-containing pathologically deformed RBCs. METHODS Fresh blood samples from two huma...

OBJECTIVES A secondary objective of this head-to-head study of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX) and atomoxetine (ATX) was to assess treatment response rates in children and adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and an inadequate response to methylphenidate (MPH). The primary efficacy and safety outcomes of the study, SPD489-317 (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01106430), have ...

In rats, lisdexamfetamine (LDX) induces manic-like behaviors such as hyperlocomotion and increases in appetitive 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (USV), which are prevented by antimanic drugs, lithium. Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3?) antioxidant activity have been associated with effects. Thus, the aim present study was to evaluate possible antimanic-like effects andrograph...

Stimulant treatment is highly effective in mitigating symptoms associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), though the neurobiological underpinnings of this effect have not been established. Studies using anatomical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in children with ADHD have suggested that long-term stimulant treatment may improve symptoms of ADHD in part by stimulating stri...

3-5 day Tropical Easterly Waves (TEWs) significantly modulate tropical convection, which in turn influences tropical cyclogenesis. Geostationary satellite imagery provides a robust tool for tracking these disturbances in data sparse regions of the globe; however, the satellite imagery provides little information on TEW convective vertical structurea key parameter in both the understanding and p...