1 The tissue solubilizer Soluene-100 provides an efficient and easy means of preparing small amounts of rat tissue for cation analysis. 2 Administration of lithium ions to rats for two days to 42 days by the addition of lithium chloride to the diet at a concentration of 30 mmol/kg dry weight results in (a) the uniform distribution of lithium throughout the brain at a concentration comparable to...

Novel boric ester-type molten salt was prepared using 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium chloride as a key starting material. After an ion exchange reaction of 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium chloride with lithium (bis-(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide) (LiNTf2), the resulting 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium NTf2 was reacted with 9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (9-BBN) to give the d...

The ultrasonic velocity (U), density (ρ) and viscosity (η) measurements have been carried out for L-Methionine in aqueous sodium chloride, potassium chloride and lithium chloride as a function of composition at 303K. Experimental data have been used to estimate the adiabatic compressibility (β), change (∆β) and relative change in adiabatic compressibility (∆β/β°), acoustic impedance (z), limiti...

Genetic studies have revealed a role for the transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) superfamily growth factors in development of the mouse kidney. In this study, we have characterized developmental expression of Smad proteins, the downstream effectors of TGFbeta superfamily ligands. Immunohistochemistry detecting Smads 1-5 and 8 was performed on 11.25-15.5 dpc kidney sections. We find that S...

Lithium is a classical inhibitor of the phosphoinositide pathway and is teratogenic. We report the effects of lithium on the first cell cycles of sea urchin (Lytechinus pictus) embryos. Embryos cultured in 400 mM lithium chloride sea water showed marked delay to the cell cycle and a tendency to arrest prior to nuclear envelope breakdown, at metaphase and at cytokinesis. After removal of lithium...

LITHIuM, the lightest metal, has an atomic weight of seven and closely resembles sodium chemically. The ion is toxic and there are no therapeutic uses for lithium salts. Good (1903) quoted investigations of nearly twenty years previously in animals, where intravenous lithium salts depressed the heart's action and caused a fall in blood pressure. The dose of lithium salts necessary to stop the h...

We describe a new indicator dilution method of measuring cardiac output in man. A bolus injection of lithium chloride 0.6 mmol was given via a central venous catheter and arterial plasma [Li+] recorded using a specially developed sensor incorporating an Li(+)-selective electrode. Cardiac output was derived from the lithium dilution curve, with a correction for packed cell volume. Lithium diluti...

Though there are numerous antis psychotic drugs, currently Lithium salts are therapeutically used for the treatment of many depressive illnesses in psychiatry. Lithium acts through the hypothalamic pathway, but it also produces side effects on the peripheral endocrine glands. Our knowledge is still limited regarding the latter aspect, so mechanism of lithium action through the extra hypothalami...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term effects of lithium treatment on neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, inflammation, and neural stem/progenitor cell (NSPC) proliferation and survival. Nine-day-old male rats were subjected to unilateral hypoxia-ischemia (HI) and 2 mmol/kg lithium chloride was injected intraperitoneally immediately after the insult. Additional lithium injecti...

The specific conductivity of solutions of LiA1C14 dissolved in SOC12 was determined as a function of composition and temperature. An analytical expression from which the conductivity can be calculated is given as a function of the mole fraction of LiA1C14 and temperature in the ranges from 0 ~ to 0.37~ and from -20 ~ to +70~ respectively. LiAIC14-SOC14 mixtures are used commercially as electrol...