Rational use of antibiotics has become an important issue in medical practice and health care. Clinical guidelines are one of the most useful knowledge resources for rational use of antibiotics. As the monitoring of rational use of antibiotics involves complex knowledge of guidelines analysis and management process, traditional way of human intervention is not sufficient to monitor rational use...

The analysis, design, and operation of high-voltage, transformer-coupled LC vector inversion generators are presented and discussed. The transformer-coupled LC inversion generator is easy to construct and, compared with Marx-type generators and conventional LC vector inversion generators, requires only one inversion switch, independent of the number of voltage multiplication stages. The transfo...

⎯With the improvement of high temperature superconductor (HTS) practical performance, research and development concerning the applications of HTS transformers have been progressed actively worldwide. This paper provides a comprehensive summary on various HTS transformers, and studies the design of a single-phase 10 kVA (220V/24V) HTS transformer prototype to verify HTS for practical transformer...

The evolution of an ensemble of charged particles is given by the Vlasov equation with a prescribed electromagnetic field. We choose a steady uniform magnetic field and a perpendicular electric field that oscillates in space and time. We solve the Vlasov equation with both a Fourier–Hermite spectral method and a particle simulation. The aim is to compare the effectiveness of the two approaches ...

The results presented in this paper demonstrate that the excited state lifetime, anisotropy, and rotational relaxation time of 2'-(N-dansyl)aninoethyl 1-thio-beta-D-galactopyranoside (DG2) increase when the probe is bound specifically to the lac carrier protein in "energized" Escherichia coli membrane vesicles. Although the probe also binds nonspecifically to the vesicle membrane, such binding ...

Isolated membrane vesicles from the obligately acidophilic bacterium Bacillus acidocaldarius generated an electrochemical gradient of protons (delta mu- H+) upon energization with ascorbate-phenazine methosulfate at pH 6.0 or 3.0. At pH 6.0, there was little or no transmembrane pH gradient (delta pH), but a transmembrane electrical potential (delta psi) of ca. -77 mV, positive out, was observed...

This paper presents an experimental investigation of transformer dielectric response and solid insulation water content. The dielectric response was carried out on the base of Hybrid Frequency Dielectric Spectroscopy and Polarization Current measurements method (FDS &PC). The calculation of the water content in paper is based on the water content in oil and the obtained equilibrium curves. A re...

Alkalophilic bacilli maintain a cytoplasmic pH that is lower than optimal external pH values. The current study, using isolated membrane vesicles from Bacillus alcalophilus, indicates that respiration results in proton extrusion as in other organisms. Cation/proton antiporters then catalyze inward proton movements. Upon energization with ascorbate/N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine, Na'-l...