The optimal form of post-operative analgesia in hip and knee arthroplasty is still debated. Traditionally, patient-controlled analgesia and epidural anaesthesia were used. Potential side-effects such as nausea, confusion, urinary retention, hypotension and immobility have resulted in the emergence of newer techniques that limit opioid use. Peripheral nerve blockade provides excellent analgesia ...

One of the most useful applications of epidural analgesia is in the old dogs. When combined with effective sedation, epidural analgesia is definitely safer than general anaesthesia in old patients. Epidural analgesia can be routinely considered in all ages of dogs in select cases of caesarian section, hysterectomy, painful manipulation of the hind limbs and rectal, vaginal or perineal surgery (...

Correspondence Post-thoracotomy epidural vs paravertebral analgesia Editor.-I read with interest the article by Richardson and colleagues on post-thoracotomy pain.' The authors compared thoracic paravertebral bupivacaine (bolus of 0. 5 6 followed by infusion of 0.5%) with thoracic epidural bupivacaine (bolus of 0.25% followed by infusion of 0.25%). Both groups received PCA morphine. The paraver...

Hypnotic focused analgesia, comparable to chemical local anesthesia, has been widely documented in our Laboratory after hypnotic suggestions. This study is aimed at producing hypnotic local anesthesia suggesting that a hand does not belong to the body (body dysmorphism) without any direct suggestions of analgesia. Eight healthy, highly hypnotizable volunteers underwent a cold pressor test keepi...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Perineural dexamethasone prolongs the duration of single-injection peripheral nerve block when added to the local anesthetic solution. Postulated systemic mechanisms of action along with theoretical safety concerns have prompted the investigation of intravenous dexamethasone as an alternative, with decidedly mixed results. We aimed to confirm that addition of intraveno...

Four local anaesthetic solutions (2% carbonated lignocaine with or without adrenaline and 0.5% bupivacaine HCl with or without adrenaline) were used randomly for 335 continuous lumbar extradural blocks in labour. Carbonated lignocaine caused a more rapid onset of analgesia than bupivacaine HCl. The addition of adrenaline made little difference to the onset times, prolonged markedly the duration...

Spinal anesthesia for knee arthroscopy is a well-documented and safe procedure. However, some complications and higher costs have been reported. Also, many orthopaedic surgeons are reluctant to use local anesthesia for fear of having to convert to general anesthesia due to inadequate pain control. The purpose of this study is to compare local with spinal anesthesia in two groups of patients sub...

postoperative pain is one of the complex problems in medicine and for relieve of this pain there are numerous methods that two of them are scheduled and prn. for comparison of these two methods we proposed a prospective, double blind study in two groups of patients with abdominal operations. each group included 110 patients and our study was based on mc gill questionnaire, with which pain sensa...

Hypnotic focused analgesia, comparable to chemical local anesthesia, has been widely documented in our Laboratory after hypnotic suggestions. This study is aimed at producing hypnotic local anesthesia suggesting that a hand does not belong to the body (body dysmorphism) without any direct suggestions of analgesia. Eight healthy, highly hypnotizable volunteers underwent a cold pressor test keepi...

The periapical cyst arises from epithelial remnants stimulated to proliferate by an inflammatory process originating from pulpal necrosis of a non-vital tooth. This condition is usually asymptomatic but if the cyst does become large, symptoms such as swelling may be observed. Although small cystic lesions will typically heal with nonsurgical endodontic therapy, larger lesions may need surgical ...