OPICAL ANESTHESIA REPRESENTS A T c o m m o d y used anesthetic technique for a variety of endoscopic procedures.'4 In general, local anesthesia for endoscopy is a safe and effective procedure.g However, it has been shown that certain local anesthetics, such as tetracaine, are rapidly absorbed from the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract and can lead to severe toxic effects in man.' Thus, ...

PURPOSE A laboratory investigation was undertaken to compare the in vivo antinociceptive effects of 2% liposomal formulations of prilocaine (PLC), lidocaine (LDC) and mepivacaine (MVC) compared to plain solutions of each of these three local anesthetics. METHODS Large unilamellar vesicles were prepared by extrusion (400 nm), at pH 7.4. The membrane/water partition coefficients were obtained f...

Objectives: This study was carried out to study the efficacy and the anesthetic characters of using Articaine 4 % with 1:100,000 Epinephrine as a local anesthetic drug in surgical practice through inferior alveolar nerve block and comparing it with Lidocaine 2% with 1:100,000 Epinephrine. Materials and methods: Thirty patients in two groups, fifteen patients each, undergo extraction of impacted...

BACKGROUND Local anesthetic injection is often cited in literature as the most painful part of minor procedures. It is also very possible for all doctors to get better at giving local anesthesia with less pain for patients. The purpose of this article is to illustrate and simplify how to inject local anesthesia in an almost pain-free manner. METHODS The information was obtained from reviewing...

Intravenous lipid emulsion is an established, effective treatment for local anesthetic-induced cardiovascular collapse. The predominant theory for its mechanism of action is that by creating an expanded, intravascular lipid phase, equilibria are established that drive the offending drug from target tissues into the newly formed 'lipid sink'. Based on this hypothesis, lipid emulsion has been con...

BACKGROUND Epidural injections of anesthetic with or without steroids are widely used for treating lumbar spinal stenosis, a common cause of chronic low back pain, but there is a lack of rigorous data comparing the effectiveness of epidural injections of anesthetic with and without steroids. This meta-analysis presents a current, comprehensive picture of how epidural injections of anesthetic wi...

injecting local anesthetic at the seeking current would be appealing.it would save time and avoid potentially dangerous manipulations of the needle. this study aimed to test the hypotheses that in vertical infraclavicular block, injecting local anesthetic at a seeking current of 0.8 ma would produce the same quality of block as injecting at ≤0.5ma. a total of sixty asa i -iii adult patients sch...

This article reports the findings of a survey-based study conducted to determine U.S. dental schools' institutional protocols regarding the practice of students' administering local anesthetic injections to fellow students as part of their process of learning this skill. The majority of schools ask students to practice local anesthetic injections on each other without obtaining informed consent.

Inadvertent subarachnoid injection of a local anesthetic during the conduct of epidural anesthesia may have a devastating effect on the patient. The incidence of dural puncture with an epidural catheter has been reported to range from 0.5% to 0.9%. This case report demonstrates that, despite negative aspiration of cerebral spinal fluid from the catheter, subarachoid injection of a local anesthe...