Complex adaptive systems (CAS) consist of many interacting and adapting components. Echo is a computational CAS model in which evolving agents are situated in a resource-limited environment. Different views of the notion of species within Echo are compared to biological experiments on relative species abundance, specifically to Preston's "canonical" lognormal distribution. To appear in: Complex...

Nutrient recommendations in use today are often derived from relatively old data of few studies with few individuals. However, for many nutrients, including vitamin B-12, extensive data have now become available from both observational studies and randomized controlled trials, addressing the relation between intake and health-related status biomarkers. The purpose of this article is to provide ...

This study was aimed at quantifying the impact of sampling duration and the number of measurements taken on the quality of assessing occupational exposure to toluene. To this end, a measurement database was built, based on four campaigns carried out in an industrial printing facility. Five homogeneous exposure groups (HEGs) were set up and between 120 and 290 individual measurements lasting fro...

Data from turbulent numerical simulations of the global ocean demonstrate that the dissipation of kinetic energy obeys a nearly lognormal distribution at surprisingly large horizontal scales. As the horizontal scales of resolved turbulence are larger than the ocean is deep, the KolmogorovYaglom theory for intermittency in 3D homogeneous, isotropic turbulence cannot apply: instead the downscale ...

Over 200 cases of actinide intake, occurring over the last 25 years, have been re-assessed. Cases were selected for which the intake date was known, there was both urine and faecal data and there was negligible interference from earlier intakes. The IMBA software was used to obtain a best fit to the data and establish an estimate of intake for each case. It is found that the magnitudes of the i...

We establish empirically using three different definitions of US cities that the upper tail obeys a Pareto law and not a lognormal distribution. We emphasize estimation of a switching point between the body of the city size distribution (which includes most cities) and its upper tail (which includes most of the population). For the 2000 Census Places data, in particular, our preferred model sug...

The complex networks of numerous topological defects in hexagonal manganites are highly relevant to vastly different phenomena from the birth of our cosmos to superfluidity transition. The topological defects in hexagonal manganites form two types of domain networks: type-I without and type-II with electric self-poling. A combined phase-field simulations and experimental study shows that the fr...

We develop a simple systematic method, valid for all strengths of disorder, to obtain analytically for the first time the full distribution of conductance P (g) for a quasi one dimensional wire in the absence of electron-electron interaction. We show that in the crossover region between the metallic and insulating regimes, P (g) is highly asymmetric, given by an essentially ‘one sided’ log-norm...

Study of animal movements is key for understanding their ecology and facilitating their conservation. The Argos satellite system is a valuable tool for tracking species which move long distances, inhabit remote areas, and are otherwise difficult to track with traditional VHF telemetry and are not suitable for GPS systems. Previous research has raised doubts about the magnitude of position error...

While lognormal distributions have demonstrated great utility in a number of applications related to decision sciences, practitioners find few – if any – tables of its cumulative distribution function available to support their work. This paper describes a “standardized” form of the lognormal distribution and a methodology by which tables of its cumulative distribution function can be generated...