Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images are mainly denoised by multiplicative speckle noise, which is due to the consistent behavior of scattering phenomenon known as speckle noise. This paper presents the basic concept, role and importance of Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) in the field of despeckling SAR images and also offers a study of SAR image quality on applying DWT on the speckled image ...

A method for constructing spread spectrum sequences is presented. The method is based on a linear, orthogonal, symmetric transform, the Rudin-Shapiro transform (RST), which is in many respects quite similar to the Haar wavelet packet transform. The RST provides the means for generating large sets of spread spectrum signals. This presentation provides a simple definition of the symmetric RST tha...

The objective of this work is to introduce a new method called the Survivorship Instantaneous Log-odds Ratios (SILOR); to illustrate the creation of SILOR from empirical bivariate survival functions; to also derive standard errors of estimation; to compare results with those derived from logistic regression. Hip fracture, AGE and BMI from the Third National Health and Nutritional Examination Su...

Several sources of uncertainties in shape boundaries in medical images have motivated the use of probabilistic labeling approaches. Although it is well-known that the sample space for the probabilistic representation of a pixel is the unit simplex, standard techniques of statistical shape analysis (e.g., principal component analysis) have been applied to probabilistic data as if they lie in the...

Multiple-instance learning (MIL) is a generalization of the supervised learning problem where each training observation is a labeled bag of unlabeled instances. Several supervised learning algorithms have been successfully adapted for the multiple-instance learning settings. We explore the adaptation of the Naive Bayes (NB) classifier and the utilization of its sufficient statistics for develop...

In order to be able to design the likelihood ratio classifier, we make the following assumptions: • The conditional probability density functions p(x|ci) are normal with mean μi and covariance Ci • All classes have different mean, but the same covariance, i.e. Ci = Cw. This covariance is called the within class variance. The variance within a class is e.g. caused by expression and illumination ...

We propose a new detection ordering for the V-BLAST. The main idea is to detect and cancel sub-streams in order of the magnitude of log-likelihood ratio (LLR), i.e. the symbol with the largest magnitude of LLR is detected first. The motivation is that the reliability of data decision increases with increasing magnitude of LLR. As a result, the error propagation associated with a wrong decision ...

With the rapid development of information technology and Internet technology, people can easily exchange transmit digital information, which not only brings convenience to people's work life, but also rampant piracy media. In face temptation that pirated media obtain huge benefits, some are desperate steal works without copyright sell spread them at will. this case, protection anti-theft versio...

This paper investigates optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (O-OFDM) systems with index modulation (IM) based on discrete Hartley transform (DHT) for visible light communications (VLC). An interesting trade-off between spectral efficiency (SE), energy efficiency, peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) and bit error rate (BER) performance can be made by using the IM technique. And DHT...

Cooperative communication describes strategies to transfer the data from a source to a destination by employing relay nodes between them. It is considered as one of the most efficient techniques to overcome fading in wireless networks since it can achieve spatial diversity. Employing all the relays in the network to transfer the data, consumes high power and cost. Selection of one or more relay...