OBJECTIVE Maternal antenatal depression and anxiety are associated with increased risk of childhood behavioural and emotional problems in offspring; it remains unclear to what extent this is due to a maternal biological impact on foetal development. Here, we compare associations between maternal and paternal antenatal depression and anxiety with offspring anxiety disorders, thus controlling for...

The present study comprised 381 term babies weighing greater than 2.5 kg and 126 babies weighing less than or equal to 2.5 kg (low birth weight; LBW) at birth. A longitudinal follow up of 334 babies was done for 6 months. There were 273 'breast fed' babies and 234 'artificially fed' babies. Neonatal mortality rate per 1000 live births for term babies was 37.5, LBW had a rate of 31.5 while those...

BACKGROUND Low IQ is associated with an increased risk of suicide and suicide attempt in adults, but less is known about the relationship between IQ and aspects of suicidal/self-harm behaviours in adolescence. METHODS We used data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), a population-based prospective UK cohort. Binomial and multinomial logistic regression models wer...

Background Statistical models that use an individual's DNA methylation levels to estimate their age (known as epigenetic clocks) have recently been developed, with 96% correlation found between epigenetic and chronological age. We postulate that differences between estimated and actual age [age acceleration (AA)] can be used as a measure of developmental age in early life. Methods We obtained...

OBJECTIVES The diagnosis of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is challenging. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of the multiecho fast field echo (mFFE) MRI in the detection of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament and dural ossification (DO) of the cervical spine. METHODS Sixty-three patients who ...

Cervical spinal synovial and/or ganglion cysts can occur at various periarticular sites and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of intraspinal-extradural or paraspinal masses of the cervical spine. The first report of a ganglion cyst of the cervical anterior longitudinal ligament presenting as a retropharyngeal mass, is presented. The histopathology, etiology, and clinical aspect...

We have performed SQUID-NMR measurements on rhodium nuclei at ultralow temperatures. With initial polarizations of up to p = 0.95, the susceptibility data showed clear indications of an antiferromagnetic tendency, but nevertheless no signs of nuclear magnetic ordering. The lowest actually measured nuclear temperature was 280 pK, whereas the lowest nuclear temperatures achieved were below 100 pK...

the existing studies of threshing process of combine harvesters adopt the assumption of constant mass, which is contradictory to the phenomenon of separation of grains and short stalks in actual threshing process. therefore, the characteristics of threshing and separation are not accurately described. aiming at this problem, this study established the tangential-longitudinal threshing and separ...

BACKGROUND Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can be viewed as the extreme end of traits in the general population. Epidemiological and twin studies suggest that ADHD frequently co-occurs with and shares genetic susceptibility with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and ASD-related traits. The aims of this study were to determine whether a composite of common molecular genetic variants...

BACKGROUND The genetic architecture of ADHD is complex, with rare and common variants involved. Common genetic variants (as indexed by a composite risk score) associated with clinical ADHD significantly predict ADHD and autistic-like behavioural traits in children from the general population, suggesting that ADHD lies at the extreme of normal trait variation. ADHD and other neurodevelopmental d...