A survey of the 20 698 singleton births occurring in one year to women resident in the Greater Dublin area provided information on birth weight, birth order, and social class. Low (less than or equal to 2500 g), suboptimal (less than or equal to 3000 g), and optimal (3001-4499 g) birth weights all showed a linear relation with social class. The incidence of low and suboptimal birth weight was h...

Doppler ultrasound is widely used in obstetrics. However, the biological effects of high energy from ultrasonography have not been clearly revealed. Animal studies shown negative on fetus, but humans are limited. The aim this study to evaluate effect early pregnancy weeks (6-12 week) detect fetal cardiac activity outcomes (number births and abortions, type delivery, cesarean indications, birth ...

conclusions: the increased survival of preterm infants was not associated with lower complications. there is now increasing evidence of sustained adverse outcomes into school age and adolescence, for preterm infants. results: cerebral palsy especially spastic diplegia, intellectual disability, visual (retinopathy of prematurity) and hearing impairments are the main neurodevelopmental disorders ...

• Foundation News 8 • Reviews and Comments: Tamil Nadu's Initiative and Universal immunisation Programme Some Lessons: C. Gopalan 7 3. Women at risk: It can be computed, on the basis of available growth data, that today nearly 24 percent of adult women in the reproductive period have body weights less than 38 kg and 16 percent have heights less than 145 cm4 These women, according to generally a...

BACKGROUND Meta-analyses of studies investigating the impact of maternal environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) on birth weight have not produced robust findings. Although, ante natal ETS exposure probably reduces infant's birth weights, the scale of this exposure remains unknown. We conducted a large, cohort study to assess the impact of ETS exposure on birth weight whilst adjusting for the many fa...

There have been two main approaohes to investigation of the relation of birth weight to intelligence. In one, birth weights of children of low intelligence are compared with those of children of average or high intelligence. Where the comparison has been between children in ordinary schools, as in Ascher & Roberts's study (1949) in primary, grammar and secondary schools, birth weight differenoe...

back ground anemia in pregnancy is associated with increased rates of maternal and perinatal mortality, premature delivery, low birth weight, and other adverse outcomes materials and methods a prospective study was conducted on 1405 iranian pregnant women who delivered during 2015. blood was collected from all the subjects to measure the hemoglobin (hb) during 16-19 weeks, 22-24 weeks, and 34-3...