The rural urban food consumption patterns are estimated and compared in Pakistan in the present study. The Household Integrated Economic Survey (HIEs), 1998-99 data published by the Federal Bureau of Statistics, Islamabad is used. The rural urban food consumption analysis at household level is carried out by dividing the households into five income groups at national and provincial levels. The ...

Efforts to reduce energy use and environmental damage in China require an understanding of the rapidly rising demand for energy. Household use of fuels, electricity and gasoline has changed dramatically in response to rising incomes, changing prices and changing demographics. We estimate income and price elasticities for these energy types using a two-stage budgeting method, applying the AIDS m...

BACKGROUND Walking to school may be an important source of daily physical activity in children's lives, and government agencies are supporting programs to encourage walking to school (e.g., Safe Routes to School and the CDC's KidsWalk programs). However, little research has looked at differences in behavior across racial/ethnic and income groups. METHODS This cross-sectional study used data f...

Low-income residents are among the most vulnerable groups to climate change in urban areas, particularly regarding heat stress. However, their perceptions about heat and the impacts they face go often undocumented, and are seldom considered in decision-making processes delivering adaptation. This paper presents a robust tool to allow the integration of perception, concerns and impacts of differ...

BACKGROUND There is ample evidence that residential neighbourhoods can influence mental well-being (MWB), with most studies relying on census or similar data to characterize communities. Few studies have actively investigated local residents' perceptions. METHODS Concept mapping was conducted with residents from five Toronto neighbourhoods representing low income and non-low income socio-econ...

Playing the state lottery is clearly inconsistent with expected value maximization; lotteries only return approximately 50 cents on the dollar, on average. Moreover, low-income individuals spend a higher percentage of their income, and possibly even a higher absolute amount, on lottery tickets than do wealthier individuals. However, little research has explored what factors encourage or discour...

BACKGROUND In New Zealand the burden of nutrition-related disease is greatest among Māori, Pacific and low-income peoples. Nutrition labels have the potential to promote healthy food choices and eating behaviours. To date, there has been a noticeable lack of research among indigenous peoples, ethnic minorities and low-income populations regarding their perceptions, use and understanding of nutr...

current article is allocated to the report of a research in which the income elasticities of urban families” demand for public education in time period of 2008-2013 were estimated separately according to the income deciles and by applying rotterdam demand system, it was clarified that public education is normal commodity. different size of estimative elasticities indicated that public education...

Children (N = 267, ages 8-14 years, M = 11.61 years, middle to upper-middle income) made predictions regarding groups of same-aged peers from high-wealth and low-wealth backgrounds. The context involved granting access to a special opportunity. From middle childhood to early adolescence children increasingly expected both high- and low-wealth groups to want access to opportunities for their own...