The article presents the results of modeling methods for selecting saturated steam at different pressures in low, medium, and high-pressure boilers. aim research is to identify cause a violation representativeness sample by selection three structures pressures. main requirements sampling devices are considered, including: optimization design device steam, observance isokinetic sampling, minimiz...

Gasoline direct injection provides reduced engine emissions, increased power, and increased fuel economy as compared to port fuel injection (PFI). Reduced emissions are largely due to starting the engine using high fuel pressure (up to 150 bar) and injecting into the compression stroke. During a cold start, fuel pressure must be increased from lift pump pressure (typically 4 to 6 bar) to desire...