The structure of the crust and uppermost mantle beneath Iceland, the keys to understanding the magma plumbing system of the hotspot and hotspot–ridge interaction, was poorly constrained in previous seismological investigations. Here we develop a three-dimensional P-wave velocity model of the Icelandic crust and uppermost mantle from tomographic inversion of over 3500 first-arrivals from local e...

Abstract. Seismic faulting causes wall rock damage, which is driven by both mechanical and thermal stress. In the lower crust, co-seismic damage increases permeability, permits fluid infiltration triggers metamorphic reactions that transform rheology. Wall microstructures reveal high-stress conditions near earthquake faults; however, there limited documentation on effects of a pulse coupled wit...

The Bi'r Umq suture zone (BUSZ) in western Saudi Arabia comprises Neoproterozoic oceanic-arc plutonic, volcanosedimentary, and ophiolitic rocks that record some of the earliest magmatic and tectonic events of the East African Orogen in the Arabian–Nubian Shield (ANS). New Nd isotopic analyses are combined with data on zircon inheritance and published isotopic studies to establish the case that ...