Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1) may cause severe lower respiratory tract (LRT) disease in humans. However, the LRT cells to which the virus attaches are unknown for both humans and other mammals. We show here that H5N1 virus attached predominantly to type II pneumocytes, alveolar macrophages, and nonciliated bronchiolar cells in the human LRT, and this pattern was most closely mi...

This paper introduces LRTwiki, an improved variant of the Likelihood Ratio Test (LRT). The central idea of LRTwiki is to employ a comprehensive domain specific knowledge source as additional “ontopic” data sets, and to modify the calculation of the LRT algorithm to take advantage of this new information. The knowledge source is created on the basis of Wikipedia articles. We evaluate on the two ...

Diversity-generating retroelements (DGRs) are molecular evolution machines that facilitate microbial adaptation to environmental changes. Hypervariation occurs via a mutagenic retrotransposition process from a template repeat (TR) to a variable repeat (VR) that results in adenine-to-random nucleotide conversions. Here we show that reverse transcription of the Bordetella phage DGR is primed by a...

The MPEG bit-rate transcoder with motion compensation, MC-BRT, that exactly derives from a simplified synchronized decoder/encoder cascade, is considered. Such a transcoder is cost effective but lacks features such as spatial and temporal filtering. These features are known to improve the encoder performance at low bit-rates. Such features would be highly desirable in the MC-BRT since most appl...

This paper deals with decision fusion in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) over Rayleigh fading channels. The likelihood ratio test (LRT) is considered as the optimal fusion rule when applied at the fusion center (FC). However, applying the LRT at the FC requires both the channel state information (CSI) and the local sensors’ performance indices. Acquiring such information is considered as an ove...

Managing transactions is a key issue in Service Oriented Computing where particular relevance is given to the so called Long Running Transactions (LRT). Here, we show how to apply a formal approach to the specification and refactoring of LRT. Specifically, we consider a methodology arising on process calculi and show how it can be applied to a case study.

Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) is a rapidly growing national trend in the provision of public transportation. At present, with more than 150 New Start Rail Projects currently in the FTA pipeline, a wide range of alternatives is necessary to fulfill the demand for cost-effective rapid public transportation. As a lower cost, high-capacity mode of public transportation, BRT can serve as an option to help...

High-intensity resistance training (HRT) has been recommended to offset age-related loss in muscle strength and mass. However, part of the elderly population is often unable to exercise at high intensities. Alternatively, low-intensity resistance training with blood flow restriction (LRT-BFR) has emerged. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of LRT-BFR and HRT on quadriceps musc...

the bus system in a high-speed public transportation systems are equipped with modern technology that due to accuracy, speed and flexibility have been considered as one of the improvement solutions in tehran's public transport system. in this article the performance of brt line three of tehran has been evaluated based on the established standard in 2013, developed by the institute for deve...