The focus of this study was on quantifying fitness attributes, such as spore density and viability, and determining the virulence level against aphid (Aphis gossypii) nymphs of isolates from the fungal species Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae. The fungal isolates were obtained from several insects, including Plutella xylostella, Hypothenemus hampei, Bronstispa longissima, A. gossyp...

This study tested susceptibilities of Anopheles minimus mosquitoes to deltamethrin during each of 19 generations (although technical problems excluded selective pressure experiments during generations 11-13). The ultimate goal was to establish a pyrethroid resistant colony of this important malaria vector in Thailand. Resistance was selected for by exposing, using the World Health Organization ...

UNLABELLED • PREMISE OF THE STUDY Cold tolerance is a critically important factor determining how plants will be influenced by climate change, including changes in snowcover and extreme weather events. Although a great deal is known about cold tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana, it is not highly cold tolerant. This study examined cold tolerance and its genetic diversity in an herbaceous subarc...

BACKGROUND The evaluation of swelling is important for the outcome of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) surgery. The circumference or volume measurements are applicable at the bedside of the patient but are altered by muscular atrophy and the post-surgical dressing. Bioimpedance spectroscopy might overcome these limitations; however, it should be validated. This study aimed to explore the validity,...

We study a susceptible-infected-susceptible model with distributed delays. By constructing suitable Lyapunov functionals, we demonstrate that the global dynamics of this model is fully determined by the basic reproductive ratio R0. To be specific, we prove that if R0 ≤ 1, then the disease-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable. On the other hand, if R0>1, then the endemic equilibriu...

We still need to show that the directions p0, p1, . . . , pn−1 generated by Algorithms 1 and (2) are conjugate wrt A. If so, then by Theorem 11.3, this algorithm will terminate in n steps. The next theorem shows this property, along with two other important properties: (i) the residuals ri are mutually orthogonal, and (ii) each pk and rk is contained in the Krylov subspace of degree k for r0, d...

I present here the results of the study of the gravitational radiation generated by the infall (from rest at radius r0) of a point particle of mass m0 into a Schwarzschild black hole of mass M . We use Laplace’s transform methods and find that the spectra of radiation for ∼ 5M < r0 < ∞ presents a series of evenly spaced bumps. The total radiated energy is not monotonically decreasing with r0, b...

Both seasonal demand r and total demand R in the production inventory model are difficult to estimate precisely to actual r0 and R0 values, respectively. Hence, we will set the membership grade at r0 and R0 in an interval [λ, 1], 0 < λ < 1, and then, obtain the interval-valued fuzzy sets r̃ and R̃, respectively. For each production quantity period q, we can obtain the fuzzy total cost Gq ( r̃, R̃ )...

In this paper we consider the problem of establishing a value r0 such that almost all random graphs with n vertices and rn edges, r > r0, are asymptotically not 3-colorable. In our approach we combine the concept of rigid legal colorings introduced by Achlioptas and Molloy with the occupancy problem for random allocations of balls into bins. Using the sharp estimates obtained by Kamath et al. o...

We consider a real Gaussian process X with unknown smoothness r0 where r0 is a nonnegative integer and the mean-square derivative X (r0) is supposed to be locally stationary of index β0. From n + 1 equidistant observations, we propose and study an estimator of (r0, β0) based on results for quadratic variations of the underlying process. Various numerical studies of these estimators derive their...