Negative feedback processes, which can enable maintenance of neuronal homeostasis, are widely observed in neuronal systems 1-3. For example, neuronal silencing via tetrodotoxin application both in vivo and in vitro increases excitability 4-6. This effect occurs in vitro via both increased sodium currents and decreased potassium currents. However, the signalling pathways responsible for these ex...

Lamellar Frameworks In article number 2107941, Runlai Li, Qiang Fu, and co-workers propose a method to thin down commodity polymers into lamellar frameworks (LTF) with square-meter large area. Interactions between molecules are regulated by multistep processing for ordered molecular alignment. The prepared new structures (LTF shish-network), properties (ultrahigh transparency specific stiffness...

Long-term facilitation at the crayfish opener muscle is elicited by prolonged high frequency stimulation, and arises from an increase in functional active zones, resulting in increased transmitter release. LTF induction depends critically upon presynaptic calcium accumulation and calcineurin (PP2B) activity. The protein synthesis dependence of this synaptic strengthening was investigated. LTF o...

TO THE EDITOR—The study by Aghokeng et al [1] found little difference in crosssectionally ascertained virological failure at 12 and 24 months among patients on first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) across 7 countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia; however, significant country-level variations were observed, possibly reflecting programmatic weakness and poor adherence. Most ART prog...

It has been shown that a variety of long-term memories in different regions of the brain and in different species are quickly erased by local inhibition of protein kinase Mζ (PKMζ), a persistently active protein kinase. Using antibodies to mammalian PKMζ, we describe in the present study the localization of immunoreactive molecules in the nervous system of the terrestrial snail Helix lucorum. P...

BACKGROUND Optimal anti-Helicobacter pylori treatment has not yet been established. AIM To evaluate H. pylori eradication using tetracycline and furazolidone versus amoxicillin and azithromycin in lansoprazole based triple therapy in northeastern of Brazil. PATIENTS AND METHODS One hundred and four patients with H. pylori infection, as determined by rapid urease testing and histology, were ...

The purpose of this analysis was to quantify and adjust for disease misclassification from loss to follow-up in a historical cohort mortality study of workers where exposure was categorized as a multi-level variable. Disease classification parameters were defined using 2008 mortality data for the New Zealand population and the proportions of known deaths observed for the cohort. The probability...

Short-term and long-term synaptic plasticity are cellular correlates of learning and memory of different durations. Little is known, however, how these two forms of plasticity interact at the same synaptic connection. We examined the reciprocal impact of short-term heterosynaptic or homosynaptic plasticity at sensorimotor synapses of Aplysia in cell culture when expressing persistent long-term ...

BACKGROUND Loss to follow-up (LTF) after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation is common in HIV clinics. We examined the effect of availability of adherence support and active patient outreach services on patient attrition following ART initiation. METHODS AND FINDINGS This ecologic study examined clinic attrition rates (total attrition, LTF, and death) among 232,389 patients initiating ART...

BACKGROUND Limited information exists on adults ≥50 years receiving HIV care in sub-Saharan Africa. METHODOLOGY Using routinely-collected longitudinal patient-level data among 391,111 adults ≥15 years enrolling in HIV care from January 2005-December 2010 and 184,689 initiating ART, we compared characteristics and outcomes between older (≥50 years) and younger adults at 199 clinics in Kenya, M...