Ty3/Gypsy long terminals repeat (LTR) retrotransposons are structurally and phylogenetically close to retroviruses. Two notable structural differences between these groups of genetic elements are 1) the presence in retroviruses of an additional envelope gene, env, which mediates infection, and 2) a specific dual ribonuclease H (RNH) domain encoded by the retroviral pol gene. However, similar to...

Retroviruses and long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons share a common structural organization. The main difference between these retroelements is the presence of a functional envelope (env) gene in retroviruses, which is absent or nonfunctional in LTR retrotransposons. Several similarities between these two groups of retroelements have been detected for the reverse transcriptase, gag, and...

The genomes of representative species of fishes, amphibians, and reptiles contain non-long-terminal-repeat (non-LTR) retrotransposons showing strong sequence identity to the chicken repeat 1 (CR1) non-LTR retrotransposon from birds. These nonavian retroelements have been termed CR1-like elements. We have isolated sequences of a non-LTR retrotransposon from the human blood fluke Schistosoma mans...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Lifetime risk (LTR) is an epidemiologic measure that expresses the probability of disease in the remaining lifetime for an index age. The LTR for stroke has not been reported for the Japanese population. METHODS We included all participants from the Suita Study who were cardiovascular disease-free at baseline. Age (in years) was used as the time scale. Age-specific stro...

Autonomous retrotransposons lacking long terminal repeats (LTR) account for much of the variation in genome size and structure among vertebrates. Mammalian genomes contain hundreds of thousands of non-LTR retrotransposon copies, mostly resulting from the amplification of a single clade known as L1. The genomes of teleost fish and squamate reptiles contain a much more diverse array of non-LTR re...

OBJECTIVES (1) To describe outcomes from and modifications to the hybrid laryngotracheal reconstruction (LTR) technique and (2) to compare this technique to traditional single- and double-stage LTR (ssLTR/dsLTR). STUDY DESIGN Chart review with case series. SETTING Tertiary care otolaryngology specialty hospital. SUBJECTS All patients under 18 years of age who underwent LTR by a single sur...

Long terminal repeat (LTR)-retrotransposons comprise a significant portion of the rice genome. Their complete characterization is thus necessary if the sequenced genome is to be annotated correctly. In addition, because LTR-retrotransposons can influence the expression of neighboring genes, the complete identification of these elements in the rice genome is essential in order to study their put...

The Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker (KKR) Green's function, multiple-scattering theory is an efficient site-centered, electronic-structure technique for addressing an assembly of N scatterers. Wave functions are expanded in a spherical-wave basis on each scattering center and indexed up to a maximum orbital and azimuthal number Lmax=(l,m)max, while scattering matrices, which determine spectral propertie...

A model of reservoir activation and viral replication is introduced accounting for the production of 2-LTR HIV-1 DNA circles following antiviral intensification with the HIV integrase inhibitor raltegravir, considering contributions of de novo infection events and exogenous sources of infected cells, including quiescent infected cell activation. The model shows that a monotonic increase in meas...