High brightness and efficient stacked white organic lightemitting diodes (WOLEDs) have been fabricated based on blue phosphorescent and red fluorescent emissive units consisting of NPB/mCP: FirPic/TPBi and NPB/Alq3: DCJTB/BCP, respectively. White light emission with CIE coordinates of (0.32, 0.38) was obtained. A luminance of 40,000cd/m was obtained using a driving voltage of 26V. The maximum l...

We report on the spectroscopic, electrochemical, and electroluminescent properties of [Ir(ppy)(2)(dtb-bpy)](+)(PF(6))(-) (ppy: 2-phenylpyridine, dtb-bpy: 4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-dipyridyl). Single-layer devices were fabricated and found to emit yellow light with a brightness that exceeds 300 cd/m(2) and a luminous power efficiency that exceeds 10 Lm/W at just 3 V. The PF(6)(-) space charge was ...

The low-voltage efficiency of the blue-emitting phosphor, cerium activated yttrium silicate (Y1 mCem)2SiO5, has been improved by co-activating with gadolinium, (Y1 m nCemGdn)2SiO5. Gd 3+ improves the efficiency by transferring energy to Ce, and makes this phosphor a more promising candidate for low-voltage field emission flat panel displays. Low-voltage cathodoluminescence and photoluminescence...

Organic light emitting devices (OLEDs) are now used in commercial cell phones and flat screen displays, but may become even more successful in lighting applications, in which large area, high efficiency, long lifetime and low cost are essential. Due to the relatively high refractive index of the organic layers, conventional planar bottom emitting OLEDs have a low outcoupling efficiency. Various...

Coastal region of Chah Bahar port, Sea of Oman, was screened for the presence of bioluminescence bacteria for the first time. Water samples were taken from surface and subsurface layers and immediately spread on nutrient seawater complete (SWC) agar. Luminous colonies were observed after an overnight incubation at 25°C. Among twenty luminous isolates, four of them were selected for preliminary ...

λ wavelength λmax peak wavelength µW/cm 2 microwatt per square centimeter A/Hz ½ amperes per root hertz A/W amperes per watt acv circadian action factor Ap pupil area Ar area of the image at the retina As source area B noise bandwidth [Hz] B(λ) action spectra for blue light hazard (ICNIRP) B(λ) " biological/circadian " action spectra b-lx blue-lx, unit for blue-colored illuminance BYλ hypotheti...