In previous studies (Malissard et al., FEMS Microbiol. Lett. (1993) 110, 101-106), the alginate lyase AlxM of the marine bacterium ATCC 433367 was produced in Escherichia coli TC4/pAL-A3 with a yield of 50 micrograms per litre of culture. The polypeptide chain was cleaved between two cysteine residues, C169 and C183, themselves linked by a disulphide bridge. AlxM has now been overproduced in E....

Cucumber (Cucumis sativa) leaves infiltrated with Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae cells produced a mobile signal for systemic acquired resistance between 3 and 6 h after inoculation. The production of a mobile signal by inoculated leaves was followed by a transient increase in phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity in the petioles of inoculated leaves and in stems above inoculated leaves;...

To assess nickel-induced toxicity in plants, Zea mays seeds were germinated and cultured on nutrient solution with nickel concentrations of 50-200 μM for a period of two weeks. Observed biological makers included biomass, soluble and total protein contents, and the activities of guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) in the l...

Basal stem rot, caused by the basidiomycete fungus, Ganoderma boninense, is an economically devastating disease in Malaysia. Our study investigated the changes in lignin content and composition along with activity and expression of the phenylpropanoid pathway enzymes and genes in oil palm root tissues during G. boninense infection. We sampled control (non-inoculated) and infected (inoculated) s...

A tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Samsun NN) cDNA clone coding the enzyme phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) was isolated from a cDNA library made from polyadenylated RNA purified from tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)-infected leaves. Southern analysis indicated that, in tobacco, PAL is encoded by a small family of two to four unclustered genes. Northern analysis showed that PAL genes are weakly expr...

The phenylpropanoid pathway serves as a rich source of metabolites in plants. It is required for the biosynthesis of lignin and acts as a starting point for the production of many other important compounds involved in growth and development. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) catalyzes the first step of the phenylpropanoid pathway. PAL gene expression changes during the growth and development of...

The enzyme CYP17 primarily regulates androgen production by mediating four reactions: conversion of pregnenolone and progesterone to 17-hydroxypregnenolone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone, respectively (17 -hydroxylase activity), followed by conversion of the 17-hydroxylated steroids to dehydroepiandrosterone and androstenedione, respectively (17,20-lyase activity). Most mammalian CYP17 isoforms hav...

the pectic enzymes produced in vitro by 8 isolates (5 highly virulent and 3 weakly virulent) of fusarium oxysporum , were detected by spectrophotometry, and characterized by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with substrate-containing gels (zymogram). analysis of the polygalacturonase (pg) isozyme banding patterns (zymogram) identified two distinct phenotypes among the isolates from chickpea (c...

The submitochondrial localization and identity of enzymes which metabolize cysteine conjugates were investigated. Glutamine transaminase K was purified from rat kidney mitochondrial soluble fraction and was shown to be a cysteine conjugate beta-lyase. The purified mitochondrial enzyme is similar to the cytosolic glutamine transaminase K whose beta-lyase activity with S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cys...

The study focuses on the effect of supplemental UV-B radiation on germination, seedling growth, chlorophyll a and b contents, soluble phenols, anthocyanins, flavones contents, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity and tyrosine ammonia lyase (TAL) activity of mash-bean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper.). Even though the germination velocity was substantially increased, the final germination percent...