The development of a vagina as a separate outlet of the birth canal evolves at the transition of egg laying species to eutherian mammals. The derivation of the vagina from the Wolffian and Müllerian ducts and the contribution of the urogenital sinus are still open questions. Here experiments with the complete androgen receptor defect in the testicular feminisation (Tfm) mouse are reported which...

Masculinisation of internal and external genitalia during foetal development depends on the existence of two discrete testicular hormones: Leydig cell-secreted testosterone drives the differentiation of the Wolffian ducts, the urogenital sinus and the external genitalia, whereas Sertoli cell-produced anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) provokes the regression of Müllerian ducts. The absence of AMH act...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review discusses current diagnostic techniques for müllerian anomalies, reproductive outcome data, and management options in reproductive-age women. RECENT FINDINGS Multiple retrospective studies have investigated reproductive outcomes with müllerian anomalies, but few current prospective studies exist. Uterine anomalies are associated with normal and adverse reproducti...

Male sex differentiation is driven by 2 hormones, testosterone and anti-müllerian hormone (AMH), responsible for the regression of müllerian ducts in male fetuses. Mutations inactivating AMH or its receptor AMHRII lead to the persistent müllerian duct syndrome (PMDS) in otherwise normally virilized 46,XY males. Our objective was to review the clinical, anatomical, and molecular features of PMDS...

Autologous serum antibodies to molecules that are aberrantly expressed in tumors represent potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of cancer. In this study, we identified the homeobox gene HOXA7 as encoding an antigen in epithelial tumors of the ovary. These tumors are thought to arise from the simple epithelium lining the ovarian surface, but they often resemble the specialized epithelia deri...

We measured serum anti-Müllerian hormone levels before and after surgery in women undergoing unilateral and monolocular cystectomy for benign ovarian diseases. Comparing to control benign cysts, we found a significant decline in serum anti-Müllerian hormone levels with consequent depletion of follicles in tissue specimens after surgery for women with ovarian endometrioma.

Cryptorchidism and retention of Müllerian duct structures occur with high frequency among the male offspring of CD-1 mice treated with 100 micrograms diethylstilbestrol/kg body weight on days 9 through 16 of pregnancy. Hyperplasia of the rete testis and Müllerian duct structures were found in many of the DES-treated male mice, as was a low but significant number of reproductive tract neoplasms.

anti-müllerian hormone (amh) has been observed to decrease with the development of hemorrhagic anovulatory follicles (hafs) in mares. two studies were conducted to evaluate amh concentration in mares with hafs compared to seasonally anoestrous and cyclic mares, and to elucidate changes of amh with the development of luteinised unruptured follicles (lufs). in study 1, amh and progesterone were e...

Background: Mayer - Rokitansky - Kuster - Hauser (MRKH) syndrome is characterized by congenital aplasia of the uterus and the upper part of the vagina in women showing normal development of secondary sexual characteristics and a normal 46, XX karyotype. Congenital anomaly of the female genital tract, estimated to occur in approximately 1 in every 5,000 females. It is caused by a failure of deve...