We present a new algorithm for detecting foreground and moving shadows in surveillance videos. For each pixel, we use the Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) to learn the behavior of cast shadows on background surfaces. The pixelbased model has the advantages over regional or global model for their adaptability to local lighting conditions, particularly for scenes under complex illumination conditions...

The revised edge-Szeged index of a connected graph $G$ is defined as Sze*(G)=∑e=uv∊E(G)( (mu(e|G)+(m0(e|G)/2)(mv(e|G)+(m0(e|G)/2) ), where mu(e|G), mv(e|G) and m0(e|G) are, respectively, the number of edges of G lying closer to vertex u than to vertex v, the number of ed...

Accurate segmentation of foreground objects in video scenes is critical for assuring reliable performance of vision systems for object tracking and situational awareness in outdoor scenes. Most existing techniques for background modeling and shadow suppression require that a number of parameters be “hand-tuned” based on environmental conditions. This paper presents two contributions to overcome...

In this paper, we consider the question of correcting mock modular forms in order to obtain p-adic modular forms. In certain cases we show that a mock modular form M is a p-adic modular form. Furthermore, we prove that otherwise the unique correction of M is intimately related to the shadow of M.

In this article, we give several generalizations of the concept of annihilating ideal graph over a commutative ring with identity to modules. Weobserve that over a commutative ring $R$, $Bbb{AG}_*(_RM)$ isconnected and diam$Bbb{AG}_*(_RM)leq 3$. Moreover, if $Bbb{AG}_*(_RM)$ contains a cycle, then $mbox{gr}Bbb{AG}_*(_RM)leq 4$. Also for an $R$-module $M$ with$Bbb{A}_*(M)neq S(M)setminus {0}$, $...

recently, e. m'{a}v{c}ajov'{a} and m. v{s}koviera proved that every bidirected eulerian graph which admits a nowhere zero flow, admits a nowhere zero $4$-flow. this result shows the validity of bouchet's nowhere zero conjecture for eulerian bidirected graphs. in this paper we prove the same theorem in a different terminology and with a short and simple proof. more precisely, we p...