AIMS Current biological state markers remain suboptimal with regard to sensitivity and specificity for monitoring recent alcohol consumption in various settings. Furthermore, these biomarkers can be influenced by age, gender and a variety of substances and non-alcohol-associated diseases and do not cover fully the time axis for alcohol intake. Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) is a non-volatile, water-so...

Replacing the N,N-chelating ligand 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy) in the Ir(III) pentamethylcyclopentadienyl (Cp*) complex [(η(5)-C(5)Me(5))Ir(bpy)Cl](+) (1) with the C,N-chelating ligand 2-phenylpyridine (phpy) to give [(η(5)-C(5)Me(5))Ir(phpy)Cl] (2) switches on cytotoxicity toward A2780 human ovarian cancer cells (IC(50) values of >100 μM for 1 and 10.8 μM for 2). Ir-Cl hydrolysis is rapid for both c...

AIMS The applicability of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) and ethyl glucuronide (EtG) in hair in a workplace alcohol testing program was investigated. METHODS A total of 78 hair samples from employees in jobs with a high endangering potential were tested for EtG and FAEEs. In most cases excessive drinking was suspected. For 59 of these cases additional data of the traditional alcohol markers ...

INTRODUCTION Researchers have increasingly used collateral informants to validate the reports provided by primary research subjects. We assessed the utility of collateral informants for college students in a study that incorporates biomarkers to validate student reports of recent drinking behavior. METHODS Students from a Midwestern university were randomly selected for a study in which they ...

The peak values for both compounds were obtained in the 4-h collection, and both compounds were still measurable in the sample collected at 29 h, but not at 32 h. Among 54 clinical urine samples selected at random from those sent to the laboratory for routine testing of recent alcohol consumption, all 31 samples with a detectable EtG (mean, 427 ␮mol/L; range, 1.7–3162 ␮mol/L) were also positive...

AIMS Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulphate (EtS) are minor metabolites of ethanol, and their presence in urine provides a strong indication of recent alcohol administration. In this study, we performed a drinking experiment to investigate the kinetics of EtG and EtS formation and elimination after the administration of two doses of alcohol. METHODS Nineteen volunteers provided urine and ...

AIMS To compare the sensitivity of whole blood phosphatidylethanol (PEth) with serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) as biomarkers of current regular alcohol consumption, during outpatient treatment for alcohol-related problems. Urinary ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS), and clinical assessment, were used as complementary estimates of relapse to drinking. METHODS Biomar...

We report on the resolution of a significant discrepancy between published continuum-code simulations and subsequent global particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations of electron-temperature-gradient (ETG) turbulence. Our investigations, using gyrokinetic δf -PICand continuum-code simulations and analytical theory, strongly support the conclusion from the earlier continuum-code simulations that ETG tur...