OBJECTIVE To determine the pattern of functional and anatomical responses after intravitreal triamcinolone (IVTA) for macular edema in diabetic retinopathy, retinal vein occlusion, uveitis, and macular telangiectasia. MATERIAL AND METHOD A Retrospective interventional study was carried out between January 2004 and July 2006. Thirty-eight eyes from 36 patients who had undergone an IVTA injecti...

Diabetic macular edema is the major cause of visual acuity impairment in diabetic patients. The exact etiopathogenesis is unknown and, currently, grid/focal retinal laser photocoagulation represents the recommended treatment. It has been demonstrated that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of diabetic macular edema by mediating vascular permeability a...

PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of oral calcium dobesilate (Doxium) on macular thickness in clinically significant macular edema (CSME). METHODS Overall, 71 eyes of 40 patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy and clinically significant macular edema were included. All patients were received laser treatment for macular edema. Coherence optical tomography was used to determine the re...

Detection of the presence of hard exudates in fundus images of diabetic patients is very important. If hard exudates are present in the macular region of retina, it will lead to Diabetic macular edema. Diabetic Macular Edema disease leads to vision loss problem in Diabetic patients. Early detection of Macular Edema in diabetic patients paves a path for prevention from blindness. Diabetic Macula...

We review the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and etiology of cystoid macular edema (CME). Inflammatory, diabetic, post-cataract, and macular edema due to age-related macular degeneration is described. The role of chronic inflammation and hypoxia and direct macular traction is evaluated in each case according to different views from the literature. The different diagnostic methods for evaluating...

BACKGROUND The effect of pancreas transplantation on diabetic retinopathy remains inconclusive. Herein, we report six patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) who underwent pancreas transplantation and developed acute macular edema and peripapillary soft exudate with rapid progression to proliferative diabetic retinopathy. METHODS In this retrospective observational study, diabetic patient...

PURPOSE To examine the association of individual and combined indicators of diabetes control with diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this clinical, cross-sectional study, 613 adults with type 2 diabetes (372 any diabetic retinopathy; 183 any diabetic macular edema) were examined. Diabetic retinopathy was assessed from fundus photographs; diabetic macular...

Cystoid macular edema in its various forms can be considered one of the leading causes of central vision loss in the developed world. It occurs in a wide variety of pathologic conditions and represents the final common pathway of several basic processes. Therapeutic approaches to cystoid macular edema depend on a clear understanding of its contributing pathophysiologic mechanisms. This review w...

PURPOSE To report a case of bilateral non-simultaneous optic neuropathy and unilateral macular edema in a patient with polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal gammopathy, and skin changes (POEMS) syndrome. METHODS A 61-year-old man with POEMS syndrome had bilateral anterior optic neuropathy and unilateral macular edema. RESULTS Visual field testing showed bilateral superior...

PURPOSE To report a case of retinal capillary hemangioma treated with verteporfin photodynamic therapy combined with intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide. METHODS A 15-year-old female presented with metamorphopsia in the left eye for 7 days. Examination showed peripheral endophytic retinal capillary hemangioma, macular edema, and a best-corrected visual acuity of 20/50. The hemangioma and mac...