In the early universe, Dirac neutrino magnetic moments due to their chirality-flipping nature could lead thermal production of right-handed neutrinos, which would make a significant contribution effective number, $N_{\rm eff}$. We present in this paper dedicated computation rate plasma. With careful and consistent treatment soft scattering plasmon effect finite temperature field theories, we fi...

Tracking the time-dependence of a state and its observable, i.e., time-resolved measurement, is one ways understanding physical principles system. In this Perspective, we review some measurements performed in pulsed high magnetic fields, where duration field restricts available measurement timescale from few to several hundred milliseconds. We present successful examples with focus on recent te...