Studies of the spectral reflectance of the eggs of 25 species of birds from nine families disclosed uniformly high reflectance (often above 90 percent) in the near infrared. This property is associated with the presence of the eggshell pigments protoporphyrin and the bilins. These pigments allow coloration for cryptic or other purposes with minimum solar heating, a combination not possible with...

Recent advances in the fields of chromatography, mass spectrometry, and chemical analysis have greatly improved the efficiency with which carotenoids can be extracted and analyzed from avian plumage. Prior to these technological developments, Brush (1968) concluded that the burgundy-colored plumage of the male pompadour Cotinga Xipholena punicea is produced by a combination of blue structural c...

this study attempts to investigate the origin of red pigments, time of reddening, and processes responsible for red colouring of the upper miocene age upper red formation, the most important clastic unit in central iran. mineralogical composition and textural properties of the studied sequences show that the upper red formation sequences were not red when deposited, although some parts of red p...

This work offers an automatic identification system of Raman spectra of artistic pigments. The proposed methodology is based on a fuzzy logic system, and uses principal component analysis to reduce redundancies in data and the correlation operator as an index of similarity between two Raman spectra. Moreover, as sometimes pigments are used in mixtures by artist, the designed system is able to r...

Phytoplankton pigments, group composition and absorption coefficients: The following diagnostic pigments were used to identify seven phytoplankton groups: fucoxanthin (Fuco), peridinin (Peri), alloxanthin (Allo), 19 ́-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin (19HF), 19 ́-butanoyloxyfucoxanthin (19BF), zeaxanthin (Zea), and total chlorophyll-b (TChlb, i.e. the sum of monovinylchl-b, chl-b, and divinylchl-b (div-b))...

A comparison of the pigments in Fuchsia extorticata pollen with the pigments extracted from the unusually coloured blue-black “fuchsia” bee pollen confirms the New Zealand tree fuchsia as the source of the bee pollen. The pigments were identified as the p-trans-coumaroylated derivatives of delphindin-, petunidin and malvidin-3-O-glucosides and delphinidin-30-(/?-c/s-coumaroyl-glucoside). The an...

In this paper, an algorithm to automatically recognize pigments from Raman spectrum analysis is presented. The Raman spectroscopy is a technique to confirm the presence of specific pigments in a painting. Pattern Recognition techniques are applied over an existing database of Raman spectra in order to find a set of characteristic features. These information are used to automatically recognize u...

The peak sensitivities (λ(max)) of the short-wavelength-sensitive-1 (SWS1) pigments in mammals range from the ultraviolet (UV) (360-400 nm) to the violet (400-450 nm) regions of the spectrum. In most cases, a UV or violet peak is determined by the residue present at site 86, with Phe conferring UV sensitivity (UVS) and either Ser, Tyr or Val causing a shift to violet wavelengths. In primates, h...