We review three decades of unsuccessful efforts by public policy-makers in the United States to develop programs to lower the rate of preterm birth. We analyze why these efforts had been unsuccessful. Finally, we will speculate about whether something has changed in the last few years that might finally bend the curve and reverse the trend of a steadily rising preterm birth rate.

as an assessment method of the water resources, water poverty index (wpi) has become an available tool in water resources management. in particular, agricultural water poverty index (awpi) is an assessment tool for agricultural water in rural areas. during the past decades, mahidasht basin in kermanshah province has been declared by water policy makers as “forbidden” basin in terms of water exp...

Over the last two decades, early childhood education (ECE) has come to top of political agenda in New Zealand and internationally. The interest governments policy-makers ECE b...

Several advances in the filed of organ transplantation in last decades have resulted in significant increase in the number and methods of transplantation. In this article various aspects of organ transplantation including immunosuppressive medications, common skin tumors seen in transplant recipients, possible mechanisms involved in increased incidence of skin tumors and finally preventive meas...

today, on the contrary of the last ten decades, the necessity of teaching hygienic issues, and caring the children’s health, is pretty obvious. avicenna (10 ac), the famous iranian physician and philosopher, scrutinized the health and hygiene with a deep insight to the matter. he considered the wellness not only as the recovery from the disease, but emphasized the maintenance of health by sugge...

Understanding the policy cycle, as well as scrutinizing the text of hidden and obvious policies and rules, requires a model of discourse analysis based on which discursive ap-proaches of policy makers are understood and estimated. However, when it comes to presenting a policy model, we have to use the views of policy theorists to see how a problem as a "public goods" can be found in the policy ...