BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the perceived influence of telehealth on recruitment and retention of healthcare professionals in remote areas in Mali. METHODS After 15 months of diagnosis imaging training and telehealth activities at four project sites in remote Mali, between May 2011 and August 2012, a 75-item questionnaire was administered to healthcare professionals to as...

Countryside automatic cartography is a real and decisive challenge in the current societal context (e.g., the famine risk analysis, the deforestation consequence analysis). In this paper, we propose a preliminary approach allowing the landscape characterization. More precisely, an itemset-based-technique is developed to extract crop types features. One of the main strengths of the proposed meth...

Apple proliferation (AP) and pear decline (PD) are the most severe diseases in pome fruit growing areas. AP-infected trees show typical symptoms such as witches’ broom, enlarged stipules, tasteless, and dwarf fruits. PD-infected pears show a progressive weakening, reduced terminal growth, smaller fruits, and die within weeks (quick decline) or years (slow decline). The diseases are caused by th...

A terrible itchiness is the first symptom of guinea-worm disease or dracunculiasis. Next, explains Adama Guindo, a village chief in eastern Mali, an agonizing blister appears on an ankle or foot. “You don’t see the worm to begin with,” he says. When the creature’s head emerges several days later, the pain is unbearable. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and dizziness follow. “You can’t work or sleep,...

The Méma is a semi-arid region in central Mali with a rich archaeological heritage indicating the former existence of large urban settlements. The archaeological data suggest millennia of occupation history of the Méma preceding relatively sudden abandonment by the 14th or 15th century AD. Population numbers have remained low since then and today’s human presence in the area is sparse and large...

the biocontrol activity of two isolates of candida membranifaciens against grey mold of apple fruit caused by botrytis mali and their ability to induce biochemical defense responses in apple tissue were investigated. apple fruit (malus domestica) wounds were inoculated with 50 µl yeast suspension (1 × 107 cfu/ml) of c. membranifaciens followed 4 h later by 20 µl of conidial suspension of b. mal...

a beacon of good governance in the region, decades of free and fair elections and extensive civil liberties failed to engender public support for democracy following the March 2012 coup d’état. Demonstrations against the military junta were half as large as demonstrations in support of it. What looked to be strong democratic institutions from the outside were often hollow shells that privileged...

Background High total fertility rates in Burkina Faso and Mali are leading to population growth beyond the agricultural and fiscal means of its citizens. Providing access to affordable family planning methods is a key step in driving the demographic transition where fertility and mortality rates decline. Furthermore, both nations face significant challenges as climate change is projected to dis...

The process of monoclonal antibody (MAI») binding to tumor cells is greatly influenced by the biology of the respective antigen. This was concluded from an analysis of binding and release of MAns and MAli fragments to melanoma cells at different concentration levels and different temperatures. With an antigen known to be stably expressed at the cell surface (i.e., M, 97,000 protein) rapid bind...

l Introduction The aim of this article is to provide an assessment of the linguistic diversity that is endangered in Africa. The African continent has a large number of languages , roughly 2000, or, one third of the world's linguistic heritage. At the outset we should state that the Situation of the indigenous languages of Africa is in general healthy, presently and in the immediate future. Mos...