rural industrialization or establishing industries in rural area as an important and most prevalent procedure for non agricultural economic development is discussed in this article. lack of main agricultural production parameters like water resource, rich and suitable soil, in these areas, in spite of plenty of manpower, directs the situation to day by day immigration rate from rural areas. ind...

This paper studies economic determinants of IS outsourcing. It argues that a focus on comparative economic theories and models can improve our ability to explain outsourcing within the larger context of organizational strategy and environment. Specifically, the research constructs of production cost, transaction cost, and financial slack are examined simultaneously to understand what inf luence...

Fundamental economic conditions are crucial determinants of equity premia. However, commonly used predictors do not adequately capture the changing nature of economic conditions and hence have limited power in forecasting equity returns. To address the inadequacy, this paper constructs macro indices from large datasets and adaptively chooses optimal indices to predict stock returns. I find that...

the experiment was conducted in order to evaluate of competitive and economic indices in canola and pea intercropping at different rates of nitrogen fertilizer at shahrekord university research farm during 1390 - 1391. intercropping and sole cropping treatments (100% canola; 66% canola + 33% pea, 50% canola + 50% pea; 33% canola + 66% pea; 100% pea) were evaluated as the first factor and nitrog...

Recent research has suggested the use of binary and multi-annual rank concordance indices as measures of β-convergence. Using numerical analysis, it is shown that this approach has severe limitations. In particular, it is shown that hypothesis testing based upon the binary index possesses an inherent bias towards non-rejection of the null, leading to spurious detection of β-convergence. The pro...

Due to the characteristics of the modern economy (such as the diffusion of Information And Communication Technologies ICT, the increasing global competition, and the complexity of innovation processes), even the largest firms can’t operate in isolation, but are embedded into international networks of relationships. For this reason, there have been significant efforts in the economic and manager...

Much of the evidence on managerial biases in corporate finance focuses CEO and, particular, overconfidence. This singular focus can lead to misattribution as it ignores roles other managers who are responsible for a given outcome. We evaluate influence CFO and C-suite executives compared with CEO. Mirroring widely used Longholder measure overconfidence, we construct Other measures. For financin...