There is considerable uncertainty over the effect of wind power on the operation of power systems, and the consequent greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions displacement; this is used to project emissions reductions that inform energy policy. Currently, it is approximated as the average emissions of the whole system, despite an acknowledgement that wind will actually displace only the generators operat...

BACKGROUND/AIMS With pedigree data, genetic linkage can be detected using inheritance vector tests, which explore the discrepancy between the posterior distribution of the inheritance vectors given observed trait values and the prior distribution of the inheritance vectors. In this paper, we propose conditional inheritance vector tests for linkage localization. These conditional tests can also ...

This paper is concerned with extracting and summarizing the spatial pattern that may be present in landcover and other thematic raster maps. A sequence of rather large frequency tables is calculated by scanning the map and recording the landcover in configurations of four pixels whose inter-pixel distances become increasingly large. Perceived spatial pattern in a map is determined in part by do...

INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to quantify tooth movement among different retention protocols after the orthodontic appliances were removed. METHODS A total of 90 patients were evaluated using the American Board of Orthodontics discrepancy index and the cast and radiograph evaluation at debond and the 1-year recall. These patients were equally divided into 3 retention protocols: u...