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The Mars Global Surveyor, Mars Exploration Rover, and Mars Express missions have stimulated considerable thinking about the surficial geochemical evolution of Mars. Among the major recent mission findings are the presence of jarosite (a ferric sulfate salt), which requires formation from an acid-sulfate brine, and the occurrence of hematite and goethite on Mars. Recent ferric iron models have l...

In this paper, two different data driven models, genetic programming (GP) and multivariate adoptive regression splines (MARS), have been adopted to create the models for prediction of bridge risk score. Input parameters of bridge risks consists of safe risk rating (SRR), functional risk rating (FRR), sustainability risk rating (SUR), environmental risk rating (ERR) and target output. The total ...

Although highly dispersed Au catalysts with Au nanoparticles (NPs) of a few nanometers in diameter are well-known for their high catalytic activity for several oxidation and reduction reactions already at rather low temperatures for almost 30 years, central aspects of the reaction mechanism are still unresolved. While most studies focused on the active site, the active Au species, and the effec...

In the present study, torrefaction of palm kernel shell (PKS) and petcoke blends was performed for production solid biofuels with high energy density. The process mixtures various mixing ratios (by weight) from 90:10 to 60:40 (PKS:petcoke). For under temperatures 250? 300?, ratio used. Meanwhile, residence time nitrogen flow rate were fixed at 30 minutes 1 l/min, respectively. general, carbon a...

This paper discusses an approach of QoS service differentiation in mobile ad hoc networks. We aim to investigate the performances of the proposed semi-stateless approach, named “MARS”, over the existing stateless approaches. Mars supports both real-time UDP traffic, and best-effort UDP and TCP traffic. The main objective of MARS is to minimize the end-to-end delay of traffic. The proposed model...

Abstract Proanthocyanidins (PAC) are an important and widely spread class of natural products with various bioactivities. The analytical evaluation oligomeric polymeric proanthocyanidins in complex extracts is still challenging, due to the complexity structures. Nevertheless, last 20 years techniques especially field chromatography mass spectrometry have been improved offer exciting possibiliti...