Female mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis holbrooki) downstream from Kraft paper mills in Florida display masculinization of the anal fin, an androgen-dependent trait. The current investigation was designed to determine if water contaminated with pulp-mill effluent (PME) from the Fenholloway River in Florida displayed androgenic activity in vitro and to relate this activity to the reproductive stat...

While systemic steroid hormones are known to regulate reproductive behaviour, the actual mechanisms of steroidal regulation remain largely unknown. Steroidogenic enzyme activity can rapidly modulate social behaviour by influencing neurosteroid production. In fish, the enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD) synthesizes 11-ketotestosterone (KT, a potent teleost androgen) and deactivate...

Increased demands of the seafood market have led to rapid growth in crustacean aquaculture production various parts world. Therefore, an expansion knowledge reproductive biology crustaceans has become more important. Hormones released from androgenic gland (AG) are liable for both separation primary and secondary sexual features behavior. AG removal male causes a transformation intersex animals...

In the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster , male-specific splicing and translation of Fruitless transcription factor (Fru M ) alters presence, anatomy, and/or connectivity >60 types central brain neurons that interconnect to generate male-typical behaviors. While indispensable function Fru in sex-specific behavior has been understood for decades, molecular mechanisms underlying its activity r...