A general framework for the thermodynamics of open systems is presented. The theory is fundamentally based on the generalized balance of mass, which is enhanced by additional surface-°ux and volume-source terms. The presentation highlights the in°uence of the enhanced mass balance on the remaining balance equations. To clarify the impact of the variable reference density, we introduce the notio...

among the deformities of the spine in sagittal plane, kyphosis is one of the most important cases in the study of postural control from the mechanical standpoint because the smallest deviation of upper limb, that is almost 60 percent of total body weight in standing position, causes displacement of body center of mass to forward and finally will causes weaker balance performance in kyphotic ind...

The crank unit is defined as the basic unit of the crank-group driving mechanism for the modular design and production, and the balance methods of inertia force are researched on the crank unit in crank-group driving mechanism’s modular design. The factors affecting the balance weight’s position and mass are studied. This indicates that the product of the mass and gyration radius of the balance...

Glaciers are strongly retreating and thinning in Patagonia. We present new inferences about the climatic situation and the surface mass balance on the Northern Patagonia Icefield in the past and the future using a combined modeling approach. The simulations are driven by NCAR/NCEP Reanalysis and ECHAM5 data, which were physically downscaled using the Weather Research and Forecasting regional cl...

[1] The Polar Pennsylvania State University–National Center for Atmospheric Research Fifth-Generation Mesoscale Model (Polar MM5) regional climate model was run over the North Atlantic region for 1991–2000. We analyze 24-km output over the Greenland ice sheet to evaluate spatial and temporal variability of the surface mass balance and its subcomponents. The model output is compared with 3 years...