OBJECTIVE To discuss the role of the sensorimotor system as it relates to functional stability, joint injury, and muscle fatigue of the athletic shoulder and to provide clinicians with the necessary tools for restoring functional stability to the athletic shoulder after injury. DATA SOURCES We searched MEDLINE, SPORT Discus, and CINAHL from 1965 through 1999 using the key words "proprioceptio...

In this research, mechanical buckling of rectangular plates of functionally graded materials (FGMs) is considered. Equilibrium and stability equations of a FGM rectangular plate under uniform in-plane compression are derived. For isotropic materials, convergent buckling loads have been presented for non-uniformly compressed rectangular plates based on a rigorous superposition fourier solution f...

The prerequisites of a successful dental implant are the achievement and maintenance of implant stability. Implant stability may be well-defined as the lack of clinical mobility that is also described as osseo integration. As a mechanical phenomenon, primary implant at placement is associated with quantity and quality of the local bone, the kind of implant method and placement used. Secondary i...

For some linear mechanical systems, which can be written as a dyadic transfer function matrix (DTM), MIMO controller design can be reduced to a number of SISO designs. Internal stability of the SISO designs guarantees stability of the resulting MIMO controller. By relating the insights from modal analysis to system theory, necessary and sufficient conditions are derived for linear mechanical sy...

For a class of second order underactuated mechanical systems, a robust finite time control strategy is developed in this paper. The robust finite time controller is to drive the tracking error to be zero at the fixed final time. In order to assure system stability, we present a generalized Lyapunov stability proof for the second order underactuated mechanical system. By utilizing a Lyapunov sta...

Tin alloy-based anodes supported by inverse-opal nanoscaffolds undergo large volume changes from (de)lithiation during cyclic battery (dis)charging, affecting their mechanical stability. We perform continuum mechanics-based simulation to study the evolution of internal stresses and strains as a function of the geometry of the active layer(s): (i) thickness of Ni3Sn2 single layer (30 and 60 nm) ...

Molecular dynamics simulations are performed on two sodium chloride solutions in TIP4P water with concentrations c=1.36 mol/kg and c=2.10 mol/kg upon supercooling. The isotherms and isochores planes are calculated. The temperature of maximum density line and the limit of mechanical stability line are obtained from the analysis of the thermodynamic planes. The comparison of the results shows tha...

Gold is a noble metal that, in comparison with silver and copper, has the advantage of corrosion resistance. Despite its high conductivity, chemical stability and biocompatibility, gold exhibits high plasticity, which limits its applications in some nanodevices. Here, we report an experimental and theoretical study on how to attain enhanced mechanical stability of gold nanotips. The gold tips w...