Carbon black nanopowders are widely used in many industrial fields, including ink, paint, and coating applications; asphalt sealants and decorative concrete colorants; textiles and conductive/resistive applications. There are several applications in which the carbon black has to be dispersed in non-aqueous media. There has been much effort spent, mostly based on empirical formulation, in findin...

Given the central role of carbon in the chemistry of life, it is a fundamental question as to how carbon is supplied to the Earth, in what form and when. We provide an accounting of carbon found in solar system bodies, and in particular a comparison between the organic content of meteorites and that in identified organics in the dense interstellar medium (ISM). Based on this accounting, identif...

Atomic carbon, a reactive intermediate abundant in the interstellar medium (ISM) can participate in various energetically demanding reactions in its extremely long living (69 min) first excited singlet state ((1)D). Several studies on reactions of oxygen containing species with carbon atoms have been reported, however mechanistic details of the title reaction remain obscure. We report here quan...

In this letter, we report fluctuation microscopy studies of medium-range ordering in amorphous diamond-like carbon films and the effect of annealing on this ordering. Annealed and unannealed diamond-like carbon films have almost identical short-range order. Our fluctuation microscopy results, however, indicate the presence of medium range order or clustering in the films on a lateral length sca...

Expression of the Aspergillus nidulans brlA gene plays a fundamental role in the switch from vegetative growth to asexual reproduction. Using a media-shifting protocol to induce submerged sporulation and brlA-lacZ as an expression marker, it was shown that carbon and nitrogen starvation stress induced brlA transcription to different degrees. Glucose starvation induced briA rapidly to high level...

Textile dyes with different chemical structures are consistently used in textile industries and they are being recalcitrant xenobiotic in nature. The aim of present research is directed to finding the preference of striking carbon and nitrogen sources on remazol golden yellow decolorization. Bacterial strains were isolated, screened and tested for dye degradation of remazol golden yellow in bas...

To investigate the protective effects of melatonin against high-LET ionizing radiation, V79 Chinese hamster cells were irradiated with 100 keV/microm carbon beam. Parallel experiments were performed with 200 kV X-rays. To avoid the impact from extra solvents, melatonin was dissolved directly in culture medium. Cells were cultured in melatonin medium for 1 hr before irradiation. Cell inactivatio...

BACKGROUND Bacterial Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) are environmental friendly and versatile polymeric materials that are used in a wide range of industries such as: food, textile, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. To make the production process of the EPS cost-effective, improvements in the production yield is required which could be implemented through application of processes such as...

Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 9945a is one of the bacterial strains that produce gamma-poly(glutamic acid) (gamma-PGA). The use of carbohydrate medium components for gamma-PGA production was explored. Cells were grown in shake flasks or in controlled pH fermentors using medium formulations that contain different carbon sources. During the cultivations, aliquots were removed to monitor cell growth...