Medullary carcinoma has long been recognized as a subtype of colorectal cancer associated with microsatellite instability and Lynch syndrome. Gastric medullary carcinoma is a very rare neoplasm. We report a 67-year-old male who presented with a solitary gastric mass. Total gastrectomy revealed a well-demarcated, poorly differentiated carcinoma with an organoid growth pattern, pushing borders, a...

Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid is unique in that it can often be diagnosed solely on the basis of abnormally high basal serum thyrocalcitonin levels. Two brothers described in this report were found to have normal basal serum thyrocalcitonin levels when examined after another family member died from metastatic medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. Pentagastrin, a synthetic analog of gastrin, ...

AIMS AND BACKGROUND Often neglected by large clinical trials, patients with uncommon breast malignancies have been rarely analyzed in large series. PATIENTS AND METHODS Of 2,052 patients diagnosed with breast cancer and followed in our Institution from January 1985 to December 2009, we retrospectively collected data on those with uncommon histotypes, with the aim of investigating their presen...

To study the relationship between the angiogenic profile and leukocyte infiltration of tumors, single cell suspensions of archival frozen medullary and ductal breast cancer tissues were analyzed by flow cytometry. The amount of leukocytes and endothelial cells was measured, as well as the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on the endothelial cell fraction. A significantly ...

BACKGROUND Renal medullary carcinoma is one of the rarest malignancies arising from the kidney. Despite various aggressive therapeutic regimens, mortality remains significantly high (95%) with a median overall survival of 5 months. Furthermore, the scarcity of this malignancy renders randomized clinical trials impossible. We examined the expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in two ne...

BACKGROUND Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, such as dulaglutide, exenatide and liraglutide, are approved to treat Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Although these drugs provide substantial glycaemic control, studies in rodents have prompted concerns about the development of medullary thyroid carcinoma. These data are reflected in the US package insert, with boxed warnings and product labellin...

Background: Papillary thyroid carcinoma is the most common thyroid cancer (85%). Follicular thyroid carcinoma is the second most common type of thyroid cancer, accounting for up to 10% of all thyroid cancers. Medullary thyroid carcinoma accounts for only 5–8% of thyroid cancers. Concurrent medullary, follicular, and papillary carcinomas of the thyroid Received: April 22, 2014 Accepted after rev...

Microsatellite instability (MSI), characterized by contraction or expansion in microsatellite length or short tandem repeats compared with germline lengths, is found in 85% to 90% of colon cancer arising in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer families. These cancers commonly have characteristic histologic appearances, including medullary features with intense lymphoid infiltrates. In panc...

Benign epithelial lesions with no significant tendency to malignant transformation include: adenoma: -Ductal -lactating -Tubular adenosis: -apocrine -blunt duct -microglandular -sclerosing fibroadenoma radial scar/complex sclerosing lesions Invasive breast carcinomas are divided into two major categories on the basis of their cytoarchitectural features: Invasive ductal carcinoma: -acinic cell c...

Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were evaluated in many cancers like ovarian tumors, endometrial colon cancer and melanoma. Now there is increasing trend evaluating TILs breast cancer. gives the patients immune response to tumor. 100 cases of Modified radical mastectomy specimen chosen from surgical pathology records. The representative formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue samples colle...