Various melting-related phenomena (like surface melting, size dependence of melting temperature, melting of few nm-size particles, and overheating at very fast heating rate) are of great fundamental and applied interest, although the corresponding theory is still lacking. Here we develop an advanced phase-field theory of melting coupled to mechanics, which resolves numerous existing contradicti...

Previously unknown phenomena, scale, and kinetic effects are revealed by introducing the finite width ξ of the particle-exterior interface as the additional scale parameter and thermally activated melting in the phase field approach. In addition to traditional continuous barrierless premelting and melting for ξ = 0, barrierless hysteretic jumplike premelting (melting) and thermally activated pr...

BACKGROUND High-resolution DNA melting analysis with saturation dyes for either mutation scanning of PCR products or genotyping with unlabeled probes has been reported. However, simultaneous PCR product scanning and probe genotyping in the same reaction has not been described. METHODS Asymmetric PCR was performed in the presence of unlabeled oligonucleotide probes and a saturating fluorescent...

[1] At 94 GHz, the highest radar frequency used for atmospheric research, no radar bright band is observed at the melting layer. In this study, simulations of a vertical profile of melting particles and their scattering properties for a variety of melting particle models are used to capture the basic features of the radar reflectivity structure at 94 GHz in the melting layer. Observations of st...

BACKGROUND High-resolution melting curve analysis is an accurate method for mutation detection in genomic DNA. Few studies have compared the performance of high-resolution DNA melting curve analysis (HRM) in genomic and whole-genome amplified (WGA) DNA. METHODS In 39 paired genomic and WGA samples, 23 amplicons from 9 genes were PCR amplified and analyzed by high-resolution melting curve anal...

The irradiation of polymeric materials has received much attention because it can produce diverse changes in chemical structure and physical properties. Thus, studying the chemical and structural changes of polymers is important in practice to achieve optimal conditions for the modification of polymers. The effect of gamma irradiation on the crystalline structure of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (P...

Melting is considered to be one of the most fundamental problems in physical science. Generally, dimensionality plays an important role in melting. In three-dimension, it's well known that a crystal melts directly into a liquid via a first-order transition. In two-dimension (2D), however, the melting process has been widely debated whether it is a first-order transition or a two-step transition...

Solid fuels, including biomass, consist of combustible, ash and water. Ash in fuel is result of reaction of minerals presented in the biomass. Minerals and other different substances which form ash got into biomass during growth. Ash is solid residue resulted from the perfect laboratory combustion of fuel. It is composed of minerals that are present in the fuel. Some species of biomass ash have...

the classification and regression trees (cart) possess the advantage of being able to handlelarge data sets and yield readily interpretable models. in spite to these advantages, they are alsorecognized as highly unstable classifiers with respect to minor perturbations in the training data.in the other words methods present high variance. fuzzy logic brings in an improvement in theseaspects due ...