Introduction: Trimethyltin Chloride (TMT) is a neurotoxin that can kill neurons in the nervous system and activate astrocytes. This neurotoxin mainly damages the hippocampal neurons. After TMT injection, behavioral changes such as aggression and hyperactivity have been reported in animals along with impaired spatial and learning memory. Hence, TMT is a suitable tool for an experimental model of...

Morphine’s effects on learning and memory processes are well known to depend on synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus. Whereas the role of the hippocampus in morphine-induced amnesia and state-dependent learning is established, the biochemical and molecular mechanisms underlying these processes are poorly understood. The present study intended to investigate whether administration of morphine ...

the most important characteristics of ptsd, as an anxiety disorder, are memory disorders and hippocampus is one of the essential structures which plays a critical role in ptsd memory disorders. traumatic events cause apoptosis and alter the expression of neurotrophic factors in hippocampus. the aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of β-estradiol on behavioral responses in ptsd and to st...

Longitudinal analysis identifies SARS-CoV-2 peptide targets of durable memory T cell responses in COVID-19 convalescent individuals.

   Two omega-3 fatty acids including docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) are essential for the physiologic function of neuronal cell membrane. Normal function of neuronal cell membrane requires appropriate composition of fatty in its structure. Present study was designed to compare the effect of short-term and long-term pretreatment with omega-3 fatty acids on scopolamine...

The role of raphe nucleus (R.N) and serotonin in some behaviors such as sleep, cognition, mood, and memory has previously been reported. The median raphe (MR) nucleus is a major serotonin-containing cell group within the brainstem and is one of the main sources of projections to the septum and hippocampus. The hippocampus is widely believed to be essential for context-conditioning learning. Mor...

considering the emerging importance of phenotypic markers as indicators of cell function and differentiation, we studied patterns ofcd44 and cd45rb expression in cd8+ murine t cells with prior exposure to antigen or staphylococcal enterotoxin b ( seb ). following in vivo priming with two purified protein derivatives (one from a virulent who strain and the other from an avirulent strain), t cell...

electromagnetic field (emf) radiation affects cellular and brain chemistry and function, resulting in deleterious effects such as free radicals formation, impaired dna repair, reduced melatonin and blood brain barrier protection, and defects on learning and memory and other higher brain functions. in this paper the effects of low frequency emf of 50- and 217 hz, ranges often associated with com...

Objective(s):Global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury causes loss of pyramidal cells in CA1 region of hippocampus. In this study, we investigated the possible neuroprotective effects of the ethanol extract of Cyperus rotundus (EECR) on a model of global transient ischemia in rat, by evaluating the pathophysiology of the hippocampal tissue and spatial memory. Materials and Methods: Treatment ...