OBJECTIVE To assess attitudes and beliefs about the menopausal transition in a population of peri- and postmenopausal women, and if these attitudes differed before and after publication of studies on risks and benefits with hormone therapy (HT). MATERIALS AND METHODS In 1999 and 2003 all women aged 53 and 54 years in the community of Linköping, Sweden, were sent a questionnaire about use of H...

The incidence of ovarian cancer depends on the ethnicity and geographical area. Menopausal status is a well-known risk factor for ovarian cancer and most cases occur after menopause in Caucasians. However, it is less clear how the status of menopause or age at diagnosis is associated with ovarian cancer including its subtypes in Chinese women. Data on 1,283 women with primary malignant or borde...

OBJECTIVE To assess the association of osteopenia and osteoporosis with menopause and compare the health seeking behaviour of women related to menopause in different strata of society. STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY Three different socioeconomic strata of Karachi from May till August 2004. METHODOLOGY A sample of 925 women, over 35 years of age, was sele...

EDITORIAL Women, work, and menopause T he subject of the impact of menopause symptoms and related diseases on women's work warrants professional attention. In this editorial, I will briefly describe the meaning and significance of women's work at the start of the 21st century. The discussion then turns to the study of the effects of menopause symptoms on Bwork ability[ that is published in this...

CONTEXT Endogenous hormones are a primary cause of breast cancer. Adiposity affects circulating hormones, particularly in postmenopausal women, and may be a modifiable risk factor for breast cancer. OBJECTIVE To assess the associations of adult weight change since age 18 years and since menopause with the risk of breast cancer among postmenopausal women. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Pr...

STUDY QUESTION Are parity and the timing of menarche associated with premature and early natural menopause? SUMMARY ANSWER Early menarche (≤11 years) is a risk factor for both premature menopause (final menstrual period, FMP <40 years) and early menopause (FMP 40-44 years), a risk that is amplified for nulliparous women. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Women with either premature or early menopause f...

Historically, menopause research has developed mainly on the basis of endocrinological issues and research findings. The studies dealt primarily with the widespread complaints that women suffer in association with the menopause, with the intention of serv­ ing medical practice as directly as pos­ sible. In 1870, a woman’s mean remaining life expectancy by the time her young­ est child left home...

A number of epidemiologic studies of breast cancer risk have classified women who reported undergoing simple premenopausal hysterectomy without bilateral oophorectomy as being postmenopausal at the age when natural menopause has occurred in a high percentage (S:90 percent) of women (1-3). We demonstrate below that this approach to the inclusion of women with simple hysterectomy leads to an unde...

The world population reached about 7 billion nowadays. Half of the world' s population is female. At the same, 50 years and over aged women are living approximately more than 470 million women in the world. Twenty-five percent of women have severe postmenopausal symptoms, which can seriously affect a woman' s quality of life. In worldwide, millions of women live 30% to 40% of their lifetimes af...