Constructing mental representations in the absence of sensory stimulation is a fundamental ability of the human mind and has been investigated in numerous brain imaging studies. However, it is still unclear how brain areas facilitating mental construction processes interact with brain regions related to specific sensory representations. In this fMRI study subjects formed mental representations ...

Considering the high prevalence of non-convulsive Status epilepticus (NCSE) in emergency admissions of patients with altered mental state and the high proportion of cross-sectional imaging performed in this patient cohort, imaging marker suggesting an epileptic origin of the clinical symptoms and – even more critical – indicating ongoing seizure activity would potentially modify therapeutic dec...

RF pulse design via optimal control is typically based on gradient and quasi-Newton approaches and therefore suffers from slow convergence. We present a flexible and highly efficient method that uses exact second-order information within a globally convergent trust-region CG-Newton method to yield an improved convergence rate. The approach is applied to the design of RF pulses for single- and s...

• Streptococcus intermedius is a known cause of brain abscesses. Concurrent disseminated CNS infections in and spinal column rare. Imaging revealing either or abscesses may prompt evaluation other anatomical sites. A male patient his thirties presented to the hospital with meningismus altered mental status. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis confirmed meningitis, but no microorganisms were iden...

The nature of mental illness has been the subject of passionate discussion throughout history. In ancient Greece Plato,1,2 promoting a mentalist definition of mental illness, was the first to coin the term “mental health,” which was conceived as reason aided by temper and ruling over passion. At around the same time, Hippocrates,3 taking a more physicalist approach, defined different mental con...

Experts of abacus operation demonstrate extraordinary ability in mental calculation. There is psychological evidence that abacus experts utilize a mental image of an abacus to remember and manipulate large numbers in solving problems; however, the neural correlates underlying this expertise are unknown. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we compared the neural correlates associated wi...

BACKGROUND Structural brain abnormalities have been described in individuals with an at-risk mental state for psychosis. However, the neuroanatomical underpinnings of the early and late at-risk mental state relative to clinical outcome remain unclear. AIMS To investigate grey matter volume abnormalities in participants in a putatively early or late at-risk mental state relative to their prosp...

High spatial and temporal resolutions are important advantages of optical imaging over other modalities. The recently developed spatial overlap modulation (SPOM) microscopy enables high resolution imaging by spatial modulation of double-beam overlap. However, SPOM suffers from bad temporal resolution and high system complexity. In this paper, we re-formulate the SPOM resolution theory and devel...