This paper analyzes the welfare implications of creating a Single Euro Payments Area. We study the effects of increased network compatibility and payment scale economies on consumer and merchant card fees and its impact on card usage. In particular, we model competition among debit cards and between debit and credit cards. We show that competitive pressures dampen merchant fees and increase tot...

This paper presents a generic electronic payment model which is intended for a multi-merchant transaction, in which more than one merchant (the retailer, multiple resellers and content providers) are involved in the distribution of electronic contents. With our payment model, every involved merchant will be notified to verify the license information of a content on the settlement day before the...

In [KM02]a model has been developed to support trust in eCommerce. The model is composed of four main modules where each module is a set of factors the consumer is looking for to trust a virtual merchant. These four modules represent the merchant existence, affiliation, policy and performance. In this paper, we present a model to implement the existence module by developing an information extra...

Agora is a Web protocol for electronic commerce which is intended to support high volume of trans actions each with low incurred cost Agora has the following novel properties Minimal The incurred cost of Agora transac tions is close to free Web browsing where cost is determined by the number of messages Distributed Agora is fully distributed Mer chants can authenticate customers without ac cess...

Economists acknowledge the problems of regulated transmission but take different views about the likely efficiency of merchant transmission. This paper examines the evidence on alleged market failure and regulatory failure as experienced in practice in Australia and Argentina. In these examples, merchant transmission (broadly defined to include private initiatives) has generally not exhibited t...

Fingerprinting schemes support copyright protection by enabling the merchant of a data item to identify the original buyer of a redistributed copy. In asymmetric schemes, the merchant can also convince an arbiter of this fact. Anonymous fingerprinting schemes enable buyers to purchase digital items anonymously; however, identification is possible if they redistribute the data item. Recently, a ...

This invention applies to more accurate determination of the displacement of merchant ships built from elastic materials, which suffers from significant temporary or permanent longitudinal deflections in ship's service due to hull bending, such as hull sagging or hogging, what provokes changes of the immersed hull form, leading to inaccuracies in 10 determination of the ship's displacement, par...

Underwater radiated noise (URN) was previously primarily of interest in connection with the signature of naval vessels. Recently it has become increasingly relevant for other vessel types, such as cruise and merchant ships, due to a growing concern that marine life is affected by rising anthropogenic noise levels in the oceans. Shipping is a main contributor to those noise levels, with the cavi...

The proliferation of new payment methods on the Internet rekindles the old and unsettled debate about merchants’ incentive and ability to differentiate price according to payment choice. This paper develops an imperfect-information framework for the analysis of platform and social regulation of card surcharging and cash discounting. It makes three main contributions. First, it identifies the co...