The majority of functional models language, which purport to account for text, do not recognize the distinct dimension corresponding “discourse”, as conceived here. Instead, various semantic-pragmatic aspects use indexical expressions, in particular, tend be uniquely terms textual environment markers involved. Correlatively, invocation “context” such approaches tends limited essentially co-text...

In any well-written mathematical discourse a certain amount of mathematical and meta-mathematical knowledge is presupposed and implied. We give an account on presuppositions and implicatures in mathematical discourse and describe an architecture that allows to effectively interpret them. Our approach heavily relies on proof methods that capture common patterns of argumentation in mathematical d...

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection caused severe pneumonia and multiorgan dysfunction and had a higher crude fatality rate (around 50% vs. 10%) than SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infection. To understand the pathogenesis, we studied viral replication, cytokine/chemokine response, and antigen presentation in MERS-CoV-infected human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs)...

In this paper we show how text, context and prosody of discourse markers reflect cognitive and discourse phenomena of uncertainty and certainty, intensity of emotional response, and interactive signals of knowledge state. We demonstrate how the subtle and finely differentiated meanings permeating spontaneous speech are communicated by prosodic variations and that it is the differences in shape ...

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is able to resist antimicrobial peptide killing by induction of the PhoP-PhoQ and PmrA-PmrB two-component systems and the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) modifications they mediate. Murine cathelin-related antimicrobial peptide (CRAMP) has been reported to inhibit S. Typhimurium growth in vitro and in vivo. We hypothesize that infection of human monocyte-derived...

Mandarin Chinese fluent speech prosody is characterized by a hierarchical multiple-phrase structure that specifies how speech paragraphs are constituted via Prosodic Phrase Grouping. Hence we view spoken discourse prosody as yet another higher node treats PGs (Prosodic Phrase Groups) as sister constituents. The goals of present study are two fold: one is to study how speech paragraphs are conne...

this bipartite paper examines the function of tasrif in the quranic story of creation in the light of halliday's textual meta-function. first, the quranic concept of tasrif as a field in elm-al maani (semantics of syntax), and its relation to systemic linguistics is introduced and reviewed. then, through review of literature, it is referred to givenness hierarchy, empathy degree, point of ...