from applied linguistic point of view, the fundamental question facing the language teachers, methodologists and course designers is which procedure is more effective in fl/sl: learning to use or using to learn? definitely, in order to be a competent language user, knowledge of language system is necessary, but it is not sufficient to be a successful language user. that is why there was a gradu...

Recent studies on human learning reveal that self-regulated learning in a metacognitive framework is the best strategy for efficient learning. As the machine learning algorithms are inspired by the principles of human learning, one needs to incorporate the concept of metacognition to develop efficient machine learning algorithms. In this letter we present a metacognitive learning framework that...

I describe two aspects of metacognition, knowledge of cognition and regulation of cognition, and how they are related to domain-specific knowledge and cognitive abilities. I argue that metacognitive knowledge is multidimensional, domain-general in nature, and teachable. Four instructional strategies are described for promoting the construction and acquisition of metacognitive awareness. These i...

How does the type of learning material impact what is learned? The current research investigates the nature of students’ learning of math concepts when using manipulatives (Uttal, Scudder, & DeLoache, 1997). We examined how the type of manipulative (concrete, abstract, none) and problem-solving prompt (metacognitive or problem-focused) affect student learning, engagement, and knowledge transfer...

This single subject study concerned how a 13 year-old student with specific learning disabilities used metacognition as he composed discourse in response to a writing prompt. Ethnographic procedures were used to collect and analyze data. The participant engaged in a think aloud procedure as he composed a paper about a famous historical figure. His transcribed verbalizations were analyzed by use...

Recent models of impaired awareness in brain injury draw a distinction between metacognitive knowledge of difficulties and online awareness of errors (emergent and anticipatory). We examined performance of 31 Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) participants and 31 healthy controls using a three-strand approach to assessing awareness. Metacognitive knowledge was assessed with an awareness interview and...

This study focuses on the effect of a task model on learning to solve problems and the use of metacognitive skills. In two conditions, students played KM Quest, a simulation-gaming environment for the domain of Knowledge Management (KM). In one condition, students had the KM model available that prescribed how to solve KM problems. The other condition provided no such task model. Forty-six stud...

While research in metacognition has grown significantly in the past 10 years, there has been a relative lack of research devoted to the focused study of the interactions between metacognition and affective processes. Computational models represent a useful tool which can help remedy this situation by constructing causal models of demonstrated correlational relationships, and by generating empir...

Metacognition refers to any knowledge or cognitive process that monitors or controls cognition. We highlight similarities between metacognitive and executive control functions, and ask how these processes might be implemented in the human brain. A review of brain imaging studies reveals a circuitry of attentional networks involved in these control processes, with its source located in midfronta...