this study examined the differences among high, mid and low ambiguity tolerance groups in their reading comprehension ability and their metacognitive awareness of reading strategies. to this end, 123 first-year college students majoring in engineering with an age range of 19-25 were stratified into three groups of high, mid and low ambiguity tolerance to participate in the study. they took part...

This paper reports on a study investigating the relationship between metacognitive strategy awareness in reading and reading ability in L1 and L2. Forty Malaysian secondary school students responded to a reading metacognitive awareness questionnaire. They also completed four sets of reading comprehension tests to determine their reading competence in L1 and L2. Results indicate that reading met...

from applied linguistic point of view, the fundamental question facing the language teachers, methodologists and course designers is which procedure is more effective in fl/sl: learning to use or using to learn? definitely, in order to be a competent language user, knowledge of language system is necessary, but it is not sufficient to be a successful language user. that is why there was a gradu...

The purpose of this research was to develop and test a model of effective selfregulated learning. Based on effort expenditure we discerned effective self-regulators and less effective self-regulators. The model comprised achievement goals (mastery, performance-approach and -avoidance goals), metacognition (metacognitive knowledge, regulation and experience), study strategies (metacognitive, dee...

This study examines language learning strategy (LLS) use in connexion with foreign language attitude, proficiency and general school achievement among lower secondary students in Years 5 and 8 (n = 868) in Hungary. An adapted version of the Strategies Inventory for Language Learning questionnaire was used for data collection. The results showed that Hungarian students mainly engage in metacogni...

Listening comprehension is difficult for foreign language learners, but, in recent years, an increasing number of studies assert that enhancing learners’ awareness listening metacognition and self-efficacy can help address this issue. Accordingly, research sought to 1) investigate the level metacognitive performing 2) examine association between EFL students’ performance, self-efficacy, awarene...

The purpose of this study was to identify Iranian EFL learner’s awareness degree of listening factors and strategies and the effect of input modification in improvement of listening comprehension. Since listening is a mental process and is not directly observable I had used qualitative method and sought to subjective data not objective one. Two groups of boys and girls in intermediate level had...