Contrary to the widely held presumption that quotations are quantificationally opaque, I argue that quantification into quotational contexts is in fact possible, although only in a very limited way. Specifically, I show that quantification over expressions, or metalinguistic quantification, into quotational contexts is attested in natural language. The main empirical support comes from Japanese...

This paper investigates code-switching in young multilingual children through a qualitative analysis. Our aim was to examine which types of code-switches occur and categorize these terms children’s motivations for code-switching. Data were collected from 70 aged two three years who attended Dutch-English daycare the Netherlands where teachers adopted one-teacher-one-language approach. We observ...

The metalinguistic facilities of natural language are crucial to our ability to communicate, but the patterns behind the appearance of metalanguage—and thus the clues for how we may instruct computers to detect it—have remained relatively unknown. This paper describes the first results on the feasibility of automatically identifying metalanguage in English text. A core metalinguistic vocabulary...

David Kaplan's semantic theory for indexicals yields a distinct logic indexical languages that generates contingent priori truths. These special truths of the include examples like "I am here now", an utterance which expresses state affairs and yet which, according to Kaplan, cannot fail be true when it is uttered. This claim threatened by problem displaced communications: answerphone messages,...

This paper introduces a new model-constrained and data-driven system to generate prosody from metalinguistic information. This system considers the prosodic continuum as the superposition of multiple elementary overlapping multiparametric contours. These contours encode specific metalinguistic functions associated with various discourse units. We describe the phonological model underlying the s...

Awareness of a sociolinguistic variable and linguistic behavior are intricately connected, such that the former can influence speakers’ use particular variants. As result, exploring awareness salience as part variation is crucial to fully understanding choices speakers make in interaction social meaning variants they employ. In this article, I investigate how patterns production perception Astu...